The present invention provides a battery electrode comprising an active battery material enclosed in the pores of a conductive nanoporous scaffold. The pores in the scaffold constrain the dimensions for the active battery material and inhibit sintering, which results in better cycling stability, longer battery lifetime, and greater power through less agglomeration. Additionally, the scaffold forms electrically conducting pathways to the active battery nanoparticles that are dispersed. In some variations, a battery electrode of the invention includes an electrically conductive scaffold material with pores having at least one length dimension selected from about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm, and an oxide material contained within the pores, wherein the oxide material is electrochemically active.

The disclosed technology generally relates to energy storage devices, and more particularly to energy storage devices comprising frustules. According to an aspect, a supercapacitor comprises a pair of electrodes and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of the electrodes comprises a plurality of frustules having formed thereon a surface active material. The surface active material can include nanostructures. The surface active material can include one or more of a zinc oxide, a manganese oxide and a carbon nanotube.

The present disclosure provides a positive electrode of lithium-ion battery, an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery and a preparation method thereof, and an electrical device. The all-solid-state lithium-ion battery of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode, a solid electrolyte, and a negative electrode; wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material layer provided on a surface of the positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode active material in the positive electrode material layer is a manganese oxygen compound; and the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer provided on a surface of the negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material in the negative electrode material layer is a titanium oxygen compound.

The present invention relates to a battery electrode. The battery electrode comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes and a plurality of transition metal oxide nanoparticles. The plurality of transition metal oxide nanoparticles are chemically bonded to the plurality of carbon nanotubes through carbon-oxygen-metal (C-O-M) linkages, wherein the metal being a transition metal element. The present invention also relates a method for making the battery electrode and a hybrid energy storage device using the battery electrode.

A printed energy storage device includes a first electrode including zinc, a second electrode including manganese dioxide, and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode, second, electrode, and separator printed onto a substrate. The device may include a first current collector and/or a second current collector printed onto the substrate. The energy storage device may include a printed intermediate layer between the separator and the first electrode. The first electrode, and the second electrode may include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode and the second electrode may include an electrolyte having zinc tetrafluoroborate (ZnBF.sub.4) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode, the second electrode, the first current collector, and/or the second current collector can include carbon nanotubes. The separator may include solid microspheres.

A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes LiX, where X represents a halogen atom.

Disclosed is a method for activating a surface of metals, such as self-passivated metals, and of metal-oxide dissolution, effected using a fluoroanion-containing composition. Also disclosed is an electrochemical cell utilizing an aluminum-containing anode material and a fluoroanion-containing electrolyte, characterized by high efficiency, low corrosion, and optionally mechanical or electrochemical rechargeability. Also disclosed is a process for fusing (welding, soldering etc.) a self-passivated metal at relatively low temperature and ambient atmosphere, and a method for electrodepositing a metal on a self-passivated metal using metal-oxide source.

A process for charging a discharged electrochemical cell includes applying a voltage bias to the discharged electrochemical cell; and illuminating the cathode with a light source.

A DME-free lithium battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a liquid electrolyte composed of a solvent and at least one lithium electrolyte salt and with which the electrode and the separator are impregnated, wherein the solvent includes propylene carbonate (PC) as a first solvent component and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) as a second solvent component, and the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode have a proportion of carbon black having a BET surface area of at least 1 m.sup.2/g.

The present invention provides a battery electrode comprising an active battery material enclosed in the pores of a conductive nanoporous scaffold. The pores in the scaffold constrain the dimensions for the active battery material and inhibit sintering, which results in better cycling stability, longer battery lifetime, and greater power through less agglomeration. Additionally, the scaffold forms electrically conducting pathways to the active battery nanoparticles that are dispersed. In some variations, a battery electrode of the invention includes an electrically conductive scaffold material with pores having at least one length dimension selected from about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm, and an oxide material contained within the pores, wherein the oxide material is electrochemically active.