A cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including primary particles of a lithium nickel complex oxide represented by a general formula: Li.sub.zNi.sub.1−x−yCo.sub.xM.sub.yO.sub.2+α, and secondary particles in which the primary particles aggregate, wherein a plurality of coated lithium nickel complex oxide particles are formed by disposing a compound containing tungsten and lithium on surfaces of the secondary particles and surfaces of the primary particles positioned inside the secondary particles, and wherein a relative standard deviation of a ratio of a number of atoms of tungsten to a number of atoms of a metallic component other than lithium contained in the coated lithium nickel complex oxide particles is 0.4 or lower.

Provided is a negative electrode for use in a zinc secondary battery, including a negative electrode active material containing ZnO particles and Zn particles, and a nonionic water-absorbing polymer, and at least a portion of the ZnO particles is covered with the nonionic water-absorbing polymer.

A lithium borosilicate composition, consisting essentially of a system of lithium oxide in combination with silicon oxide and boron oxide, wherein said lithium borosilicate comprises between 70-83 atomic % lithium based on the combined atomic percentages of lithium, boron and silicon, and wherein said lithium borosilicate is a glass, is disclosed.

A technique of improving the performance of a secondary battery is provided. A secondary battery according to an embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a first layer disposed on the first electrode and including a first n-type oxide semiconductor, a second layer disposed on the first layer and including a second n-type oxide semiconductor material and a first insulating material, a third layer which is disposed on the second layer and is a solid electrolyte layer, and a fourth layer disposed on the third layer and including hexagonal Ni(OH)2 microcrystals.

A cathode composition for a lithium secondary battery includes a cathode active material including cathode active material particles having a single particle shape, flake graphite, and a conductive material including an amorphous carbon-based conductive material.

An energy storage module includes: a cover member accommodating a plurality of battery cells in an internal receiving space, the battery cells being arranged in a first direction, each of the battery cells including a vent; a top plate coupled to a top of the cover member and including a duct corresponding to the vent of each of the battery cells; a top cover coupled to a top of the top plate and having a discharge opening corresponding to the duct; and an extinguisher sheet between the top cover and the top plate, the extinguisher sheet being configured to emit a fire extinguishing agent at a reference temperature.

A method for manufacturing a cobalt based hydroxide carbonate compound having a malachite-rosasite mineral structure, comprising the steps of: providing an first aqueous solution comprising a source of Co, providing a second aqueous solution comprising Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, mixing both solutions in a precipitation reactor at a temperature above 70° C., thereby precipitating a cobalt based hydroxide carbonate compound whilst evacuating from the reactor any CO.sub.2 formed by the precipitation reaction, wherein the residence time of the compound in the reactor is between 1 and 4 hours, and recovering the cobalt based hydroxide carbonate compound. The cobalt based hydroxide carbonate compound is used as a precursor of a lithium cobalt based oxide usable as an active positive electrode material in lithium ion batteries.

Other Metals are uniformly doped in a sodium transition metal oxide particle to obtain a cathode active material. As a result, it is possible to improve the battery performance by improving the physical properties of the material itself and stabilizing the structure during the charge/discharge process as well as electrochemical properties.

Provided are porous Fe.sub.3O.sub.4/sulfur composites. The composites are composed of porous Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles and sulfur, where the sulfur loading is 70-85% by weight based on the total weight of the composite. Also provided are batteries having cathodes containing porous FE.sub.3O.sub.4 composites of the present disclosure.

A method for fabricating a polymeric material for use in an energy storage apparatus, a polymeric material, and an energy storage apparatus including the polymeric material, where the polymeric material includes a polymer arranged to combine with a plurality of chemical ions so as to form an ion-conducting material, wherein the ion-conducting material is in solid-state.