Provided is an alkali metal-sulfur cell comprising: (a) a quasi-solid cathode containing about 30% to about 95% by volume of a cathode active material (a sulfur-containing material), about 5% to about 40% by volume of a first electrolyte containing an alkali salt dissolved in a solvent and an ion-conducting polymer dissolved, dispersed in or impregnated by a solvent, and about 0.01% to about 30% by volume of a conductive additive wherein the conductive additive, containing conductive filaments, forms a 3D network of electron-conducting pathways such that the quasi-solid electrode has an electrical conductivity from about 10.sup.−6 S/cm to about 300 S/cm; (b) an anode; and (c) an ion-conducting membrane or porous separator disposed between the anode and the quasi-solid cathode; wherein the quasi-solid cathode has a thickness from 200 μm to 100 cm and a cathode active material having an active material mass loading greater than 10 mg/cm.sup.2.

Provided is an anode-free metal halide battery. The metal halide battery comprises a current collector, an electrolyte, and a cathode. The current collector comprises a passivation layer of an electrically insulating material. The passivation layer allows metal ion transport. The electrolyte comprises an ion-conducting material and is in contact with the current collector and the cathode. The cathode comprises a metal halide salt incorporated into an electrically conductive metal.

The formation method of graphene includes the steps of forming a layer including graphene oxide over a first conductive layer; and supplying a potential at which the reduction reaction of the graphene oxide occurs to the first conductive layer in an electrolyte where the first conductive layer as a working electrode and a second conductive layer with a as a counter electrode are immersed. A manufacturing method of a power storage device including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator includes a step of forming graphene for an active material layer of one of or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the formation method.

A main object of the present invention is to provide an anode current collector that is capable of inhibiting the reaction with liquid electrolyte. The present invention achieves the object by providing an anode current collector to be used for a fluoride ion battery; and the anode current collector being a simple substance of Fe, Mg, or Ti, or an alloy containing one or more of these metal elements.

An electrochemical cell having a casing housing an electrode assembly of a separator residing between a lithium anode and a cathode comprising silver vanadium oxide and fluorinated carbon is described. The electrode assembly is activated with a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt dissolved in a solvent system of propylene carbonate mixed with 1,2-dimethoxyethane, lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). Preferably LiBOB is present in an amount ranging from about 0.005 wt. 5 to about 5 wt. %, and FEC is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %. This electrolyte formulation is more conductive than the conventional or prior art binary and ternary solvent system electrolytes while being chemically and electrochemically stable toward Li/SVO cells, Li-SVO/CF.sub.x mixture cells, and Li-SVO/CF.sub.x sandwich cathode primary electrochemical cells.

The present invention provides a fluoride ion secondary battery which has high initial charge/discharge efficiency, while starting with a charged state and having a high voltage. According to the present invention, a composite body is formed using, as negative electrode active materials, nanometer-sized aluminum particles and modified aluminum fluoride together with the other constituents of a negative electrode mixture, said modified aluminum fluoride having voids that are formed by deintercalation of fluoride ions; and a fluoride ion secondary battery is configured by combining a negative electrode, which uses this composite body, with a positive electrode that contains a specific substance as a positive electrode active material.

An electrochemical cell comprises a casing having an open-ended container closed by a lid. An anode and cathode are housed inside the casing. The cathode housed inside a primary separator envelope is electrically connected to a positive polarity terminal pin electrically isolated from the casing by a glass-to-metal seal. The anode is electrically connected to the casing serving as a negative terminal. The primary separator enveloping the cathode is contained in a secondary separator comprising an open-ended bag-shaped member extending to an open annular edge. The open annular edge of the secondary separator resides between the cathode electrically connected to the terminal pin and the anode electrically connected to the casing. As electrochemical cells become increasingly smaller to power smaller devices, the physical barrier provided by the upper edge of the secondary separator is important to prevent physical contact between the positive and negative terminals. An electrolyte provided in the casing activates the anode and cathode.

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery, comprising: a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material layer comprising a soft carbon negative electrode active material and a byproduct having an average particle size (D50) of 10 to 70 nm; a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material; and an electrolyte.

A carbon material with excellent characteristics is provided. An electrode having excellent characteristics can be provided. A novel carbon material can be provided. A novel electrode can be provided. A graphene compound including a vacancy includes a plurality of carbon atoms and one or more fluorine atoms, and the vacancy is formed with the plurality of carbon atoms and one or more fluorine atoms. The vacancy includes a ring-shaped region composed of the plurality of carbon atoms, and one or more fluorine atoms terminated in the ring-shaped region, and the ring-shaped region is a 18- or more-membered ring.

Electrode films utilizing cathode or anode active materials, such as cathode electrode films utilizing carbon monofluoride (CFx) or MnO.sub.2 as the cathode active material, and/or including a surfactant are described. The electrode film may utilize binders including acrylated polyurethane resins, hydroxy modified acrylated polyurethane resins, acrylate-methacrylate monomer blends, monoacrylate of mono-ethoxylated phenols, celluloses, trimethylolpropane ethoxy triacrylate (TMPEOTA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyolefins, polyalkylenes, polyethers, styrene-butadiene, co-polymers of polysiloxanes, polysiloxanes, branched polyethers, polyvinylethers, co-polymers thereof, and combinations thereof. The electrode film may further include additives. The electrode films may be electron beam cured.