An electrochemical cell comprises a casing having an open- ended container closed by a lid. An anode and cathode are housed inside the casing. The cathode housed inside a primary separator envelope is electrically connected to a positive polarity terminal pin electrically isolated from the casing by a glass-to- The anode is electrically connected to the casing metal seal. serving as a negative terminal. The primary separator enveloping the cathode is contained in a secondary separator comprising an open-ended bag-shaped member extending to an open annular edge. The open annular edge of the secondary separator resides between the cathode electrically connected to the terminal pin and the anode electrically connected to the casing. An electrolyte provided in the casing activates the anode and cathode.

To provide a positive electrode active material with which the cycle performance of a secondary battery can be improved and a manufacturing method thereof. When a secondary battery is fabricated using, for a positive electrode, a positive electrode active material obtained by depositing a solid electrolyte on a lithium compound with the use of a graphene compound by spray-drying treatment and volatilizing carbon from the graphene compound by heat treatment, the decomposition of an electrolyte solution in contact with the positive electrode active material can be inhibited, contributing to improvement in the cycle performance of the secondary battery.

The application provides a silicon-based lithium storage material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the silicon-based lithium storage material includes: an inner core, including silicon elements with a valence of 0-4; a first shell layer coating or partially coating the inner core, the first shell layer comprises a fluorocarbon layer, and the fluorocarbon layer comprises a fluorocarbon. According to the technical scheme of the present application, the silicon-based lithium storage material may improve the characteristics of the silicon-based lithium storage material as an active material of a lithium ion secondary battery under high-temperature storage conditions, and simultaneously improve the cycle characteristics and initial charge-discharge coulombic efficiency of the secondary battery.

Systems, articles, and methods directed to electrochemical systems (e.g., batteries) and the electrochemical reduction of halogenated compounds are generally described. In certain embodiments, the halogenated compound comprises a haloalkane associated with a conjugated system via at least one alkene linker or alkyne linker.

Separator and electrolyte composites include a porous self-supporting separator film between or adjacent one or two electrolyte films. The electrolyte films may contain a glyme or mixture of glymes, LiX salt and complexing agent, such as PEO. The porous self-supporting separator film may be used dry or wetted with a liquid electrolyte composition. Solid state batteries include the described separator and electrolyte composites in combination with an anode and a cathode.

The present invention relates to a primary cell, comprising an alkali metal as the active electrode material, in particular as the active anode material, and an electrolyte comprising a boron compound, wherein the boron compound is compound according to formula (1), (2), (3), (4), (7) or (8):

##STR00001##

One aspect of the present invention provides an electrolytic solution comprising a compound represented by the following formula (1), wherein a content of the compound is 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each independently represent an alkyl group or a fluorine atom, R.sup.4 represents an alkylene group, and R.sup.5 represents an organic group containing a nitrogen atom.

Methods for attaching a radio frequency (RF) transmitter to an animal are provided. The methods can include providing an RF transmitter and providing an injection device having a needle of gauge of 9 or smaller; providing the RF transmitter into the injection device; and providing the RF transmitter through the 9 gauge or smaller needle and into the animal.

A negative electrode material includes a silicon-containing material. The silicon-containing material includes at least one of pure silicon, silicon carbon, a silicon alloy, or a silicon oxide. A ratio B/A of a maximum value B in differentials dQ/dV with respect to 0.4V-0.55V to a maximum value A in differentials dQ/dV with respect to 0.2V-0.35V is 1.0-3.0 when the negative electrode material is electrified in a delithiation direction in a case of charging and discharging a battery that includes the negative electrode material used as a working electrode, metallic lithium used as a counter electrode, and an electrolyte containing a lithium-ion conductive substance, and in a case of plotting a relationship curve between a differential dQ/dV and a working electrode potential V, where the differential is obtained by differentiating a charge/discharge capacity Q with respect to the working electrode potential V.

Provided is method of preparing an alkali metal-sulfur cell, comprising: (a) combining a quantity of a cathode active material (selected from sulfur, a metal-sulfur compound, a sulfur-carbon composite, a sulfur-graphene composite, a sulfur-graphite composite, an organic sulfur compound, a sulfur-polymer composite or a combination thereof), a quantity of an electrolyte, and a conductive additive to form a deformable cathode material, wherein the conductive additive, containing conductive filaments, forms a 3D network of electron-conducting pathways and the electrolyte contains an alkali salt and an ion-conducting polymer dissolved or dispersed in a solvent; (b) forming the cathode material into a quasi-solid cathode, wherein the forming includes deforming the cathode material into an electrode shape without interrupting the 3D network of electron-conducting pathways such that the cathode maintains an electrical conductivity no less than 10.sup.−6 S/cm; (c) forming an anode; and (d) forming a cell by combining the cathode and the anode.