A system and method for an energy storage device including a first electrode and a second electrode; the second electrode including a cobalt based compound; and an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

According to one embodiment, provided is a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a niobium-titanium composite oxide having fluorine atoms on at least part of a surface the niobium-titanium composite oxide. An abundance ratio A.sub.F of fluorine atoms, an abundance ratio A.sub.Ti of titanium atoms, and an abundance ratio A.sub.Nb of niobium atoms on a surface of the negative electrode according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy satisfy a relationship of 3.5≤A.sub.F/(A.sub.Ti+A.sub.Nb)≤50.

Methods for attaching a radio frequency (RF) transmitter to an animal are provided. The methods can include providing an RF transmitter and providing an injection device having a needle of gauge of 9 or smaller; providing the RF transmitter into the injection device; and providing the RF transmitter through the 9 gauge or smaller needle and into the animal.

Articles and methods involving electrochemical cells and/or electrochemical cell preproducts comprising passivating agents are generally provided. In certain embodiments, an electrochemical cell includes first and second passivating agents. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell may include a first electrode comprising a first surface, a second electrode (e.g., a counter electrode with respect to the first electrode) comprising a second surface, a first passivating agent configured and arranged to passivate the first surface, and a second passivating agent configured and arranged to passivate the second surface.

Provided are an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, wherein the anode active material comprises at least three types of spherical graphite, and a difference between a 90% volume cumulative diameter (D.sub.90) and a 10% volume cumulative diameter (D.sub.10) is in the range of 13.0 μm≤(D.sub.90−D.sub.10)≤35.0 μm.

One aspect of the invention provides a negative electrode material for use in an electrolyte battery including a negative electrode active material and a coating material disposed on a surface of the negative electrode active material. The coating material is a fluoride ion conductor that includes the elements lead and fluorine.

A method of fabricating a battery electrode includes forming a mixture including an electrode material and a binder; forming an electrode blank from the mixture; heating the electrode blank at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time to form an annealed electrode blank; and laminating the annealed electrode blank to a current collector. The current collector may include a conductive carbon coating. In such event, the method may further include heating the current collector at a selected temperature for a selected time prior to laminating the annealed electrode blank to the current collector.

Provided is a rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur cell comprising an anode active material layer, an electrolyte, and a cathode active material layer comprising multiple particulates, wherein at least one of the particulates comprises one or a plurality of sulfur-containing material particles being embraced or encapsulated by a thin layer of a conductive sulfonated elastomer composite having from 0.01% to 50% by weight of a conductive reinforcement material dispersed in a sulfonated elastomeric matrix material, wherein the conductive reinforcement material is selected from graphene sheets, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, metal nanowires, conductive polymer fibers, or a combination thereof and the composite has a recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.−7 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm, and a thickness from 0.5 nm to 10 μm. This battery exhibits an excellent combination of high sulfur content, high sulfur utilization efficiency, high energy density, and long cycle life.

A fluoride ion battery in which occurrence of short circuit is inhibited by providing a fluoride ion battery including: an electrode layer that includes a first metal element or a carbon element and is capable of fluorination and defluorination; a solid electrolyte layer containing a solid electrolyte including a second metal element with lower fluorination potential and defluorination potential than those of the first metal element or of the carbon element; and an anode current collector, in this order; and an anode active material layer is not present between the solid electrolyte layer and the anode current collector; and the solid electrolyte layer comprises: on the anode current collector side surface, a short circuit inhibiting part containing the solid electrolyte; a Ce compound containing a Ce element, a S element, and a F element; and an electron conductive material.

The disclosure provides a cell that may comprise (1) a housing; (2) an anode current collector, in the housing, including a first connection, and the anode current collector including a first plate with perforations and a second plate with perforations, the anode current collector further including a tab that connects the first plate and the second plate; (3) a cathode current collector, in the housing, including a second connection; (4) a first anode, in the housing, provided between the cathode current collector and the first plate; (5) a second anode, in the housing, provided between the cathode current collector and the second plate; and (6) a cathode, in the housing, provided adjacent to the cathode current collector. The disclosure may also provide systems and methods of making such a cell.