A negative-electrode core laminate of a portion of a negative-electrode core on which no negative-electrode active material layer is formed is bonded to a negative-electrode current collector by ultrasonic bonding. A core recess is formed in a bonding region of the negative-electrode core laminate bonded to the negative-electrode current collector by ultrasonic bonding, a region of the negative-electrode core laminate in which the core recess is formed includes a solid-state bonding layer and a central layer, the solid-state bonding layer being formed by solid-state bonding between layers of the negative-electrode core, the central layer being disposed between the solid-state bonding layers formed on both faces of the negative-electrode core. The average grain size of metal crystal grains constituting the solid-state bonding layer is smaller than the average grain size of metal crystal grains constituting the central layer.

A positive-electrode core laminate of a portion of a positive-electrode core on which no positive-electrode active material layer is formed is bonded to a positive-electrode current collector by ultrasonic bonding. A core recess is formed in a bonding region of the positive-electrode core laminate bonded to the positive-electrode current collector by ultrasonic bonding, a region of the positive-electrode core laminate in which the core recess is formed includes a solid-state bonding layer and a central layer, the solid-state bonding layer being formed by solid-state bonding between layers of the positive-electrode core, the central layer being disposed between the solid-state bonding layers formed on both faces of the positive-electrode core, and the first average grain size of metal crystal grains constituting the solid-state bonding layer is smaller than the second average grain size of metal crystal grains constituting the central layer.

A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The battery comprises a container with a cover having one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The cell elements comprise a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode has a positive current collector and a positive electrochemically active material in contact therewith. The negative electrode has a negative current collector and a negative electrochemically active material in contact therewith. At least one of the positive electrochemically active material or the negative electrochemically active material includes electrochemically active fibers dispersed therein. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend from the container or the cover and are electrically coupled to the cell elements. An electrode and an active material for a lead-acid battery are also disclosed.

The invention comprises an anode-free lithium metal cell having an anode-side current collector composed of lithium, a lithium alloy or lithium-containing compound or a transition metal having a lithium or lithium alloy or lithium-containing compound surface coating, to provide a specific energy of the cell of 350 Wh/kg or greater.

The present disclosure provides a method for forming a bipolar current collector. The method may include heating a first current collector material having a first melting point to form a molten metal or metal alloy and disposing the molten metal or metal alloy on one or more surfaces of a second current collector material having a second melting point greater than the first melting point to form the bipolar current collector. The molten metal or metal alloy may be disposed on the one or more surfaces of the second current collector material using a twin-roll casting method or a spraying method. The bipolar current collector may include a first current collector including the first current collector material, a second current collector including the second current collector material, and an inter-diffusion layer that connects the first current collector and the second current collector.

A lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer provided on the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode current collector satisfies:
(D2/D1)≥0.968  (1),
D2≥21.947*(X/100)−24.643  (2),
110≤X≤125  (3), and
where D1 is a first displacement amount in a first piercing test at a first piercing speed of 0.1 mm/min or more; D2 is a second displacement amount in a second piercing test at a second piercing speed of less than 0.1 mm/min; and X is an expansion coefficient (%) of the negative electrode active material layer.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a thin film foil, wherein a metal thin film layer is formed on a base substrate through a vacuum deposition process to form an ultra-thin film foil having a thickness of 5 μm or less, preferably 2 μm or less. The provided method for manufacturing a thin film foil comprises the steps of: preparing a base substrate having release properties; preparing a metal raw material; vacuum-depositing the metal raw material on the base substrate to form a metal layer on the base substrate; and separating the base substrate from the metal layer to form a thin film foil, wherein one of a BeCu alloy, a Cu—Ag—Cr ternary alloy, an Ag alloy, a CuMo alloy, and a CuFeP alloy is prepared as the metal raw material.

Disclosed is a secondary battery in which a positive electrode active material non-covered portion is joined to a positive electrode current collector plate at one end portion of an electrode winding body, a negative electrode active material non-covered portion is joined to a negative electrode current collector plate at the other end portion of the electrode winding body, the positive electrode current collector plate has a positive electrode bead on a surface thereof, the negative electrode current collector plate has a negative electrode bead on a surface thereof, a width of the positive electrode bead is 0.05 mm or more and 0.18 mm or less, a width of the negative electrode bead is 0.03 mm or more and 0.12 mm or less.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A battery includes a housing, an electrolyte disposed in the housing, an anode disposed in the housing, and an electrode disposed in the housing and comprising an electrode material comprising manganese dioxide, and a conductive carbon coated with a metallic layer. The use of the conductive carbon coated with the metallic layer can help to control the effects of other ions such as zincate on the manganese dioxide during discharge or cycling of the battery.