A Water Activated Battery characterized by a) At least one anode selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, zinc and alloys thereof; b) A cathode comprising at least one basic copper salt comprising Cu(OH).sub.2combined with a copper salt CuX (with (n1) the molar ratio between the CuX and the Cu(OH).sub.2in the basic copper salt), such that a discharge reaction in saline versus a Mg anode could be written nMg+Cu(OH).sub.2.(n1)CuX=Mg(OH).sub.2+(n1)MgX+nCu) on a skeletal frame, the cathode further comprising a non-hygroscopic soluble, ionically conductive material; c) at least one cavity separating said cathode and said at least one anode; and d) at least one aperture leading to said at least one cavity for the ingress of an electrolyte-forming, aqueous liquid.

A method of forming a sulfur-based cathode material includes: 1) providing a sulfur-based nanostructure; 2) coating the nanostructure with an encapsulating material to form a shell surrounding the nanostructure; and 3) removing a portion of the nanostructure through the shell to form a void within the shell, with a remaining portion of the nanostructure disposed within the shell.

In an ozone generating system in which an intermittent operation is performed, in which an ozone generating operation period in which ozone is generated by discharging gas which contains oxygen in a discharge space of an ozone generating apparatus and an ozone generating operation standby period in which gas is sealed in an ozone generating apparatus and discharge is stopped so as not to generate ozone are performed repeatedly, an absorbent which absorbs at least one of nitric acid and nitrogen oxide is provided in an ozone generating apparatus other than the discharge space.

Systems and methods which provide flexible zinc ion (Zn-ion) battery configurations with shape memory are described. For example, embodiments of flexible shape memory yarn batteries (SMYBs) may be fabricated using shape memory material wire, filament, and/or fiber and flexible conductive material yarn as flexible substrate materials. In accordance with some embodiments, Nickel-Titanium-based alloy wire may be coated with a zinc material to provide a flexible anode electrode for a SMYB. Additionally or alternatively, flexible stainless steel (SS) yarn may be coated with a manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2) material to provide a flexible cathode electrode for a SMYB of embodiments. An aqueous electrolyte may be combined with the flexible cathode and anode electrodes to provide a SMYB in accordance with the concepts herein. The aqueous electrolyte may, for example, comprise a polymer gel electrolyte (e.g., gelatin-borax polymer gel electrolyte).

A vaporizer electrical system has a mouthpiece. The mouthpiece is configured to allow a user to aspirate a flow of air through the mouthpiece. A center airflow post is connected to the mouthpiece. The center airflow post has a post opening to admit air through the center airflow post. A burning chamber frame is connected to the center airflow post. The burning chamber frame has a burning chamber frame slot for receiving material. The material is a liquid or solid. The main base connects to the burning chamber frame, and a static electrode connects to the main base. The main base, the burning chamber frame, and the static electrode have a first electrical polarity. A moving electrode is mounted to a gasket insulator.

An electrically conductive porous composite composed of an expanded microsphere matrix binding a material composition having electrical conductivity properties to form an electrically conductive porous composite is disclosed herein. An energy storage device incorporating the electrically conductive porous composite is also disclosed herein.

An electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same. By preparing an electrode including an electrode active layer formed using a structure capable of supporting an electrode active material, safety and charge and discharge properties of a battery are improved due to morphological characteristics of the electrode active material being supported inside the structure.

A structure, and more specifically a tube-shaped structure having an inner surface and two ends, wherein one or both ends are open and the inner surface is exposed through said one or both open ends, and a metal provide on the inner surface. Also, an electrode active material, such as lithium metal, on the metal included on the inner surface of the tube.

A metal-air battery system includes a cell including: a chamber; and an electrode device housed in the chamber. The electrode device includes: a first electrode; a tubular second electrode disposed so as to surround the first electrode on a radially outer side of the first electrode; and a tubular third electrode disposed so as to surround the second electrode on a radially outer side of the second electrode, and is configured such that an electrolyte solution flows at least between an outer peripheral surface of the first electrode and an inner peripheral surface of the third electrode. A combination of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode is a combination of a negative electrode containing metal, a charging positive electrode, and a discharging positive electrode.

Provided is a long aluminum foil capable of suppressing, in a case where the aluminum foil is provided with a region where through-holes are not formed, occurrence of deformation at a boundary portion between a region where through-holes are formed and the region where through-holes are not formed. The long aluminum foil includes, in a width direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction, a perforated portion, a non-perforated portion, and a boundary portion between the perforated portion and the non-perforated portion, in which the perforated portion has a plurality of through-holes penetrating therethrough in a thickness direction, the non-perforated portion does not have a through-hole, the boundary portion has a plurality of through-holes penetrating therethrough in the thickness direction and a plurality of non-through-holes, and an opening ratio of the through-hole in the boundary portion gradually decreases from a perforated portion side to a non-perforated portion side.