Disclosed herein is a cable-type secondary battery having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape and extending longitudinally, comprising: a core for supplying lithium ions, which comprises an electrolyte; an inner electrode, comprising an open-structured inner current collector surrounding the outer surface of the core for supplying lithium ions, an inner electrode active material layer formed on the surface of the inner current collector, and a first electrolyte-absorbing layer formed on the outer surface of the inner electrode active material layer; a separation layer surrounding the outer surface of the inner electrode to prevent a short circuit between electrodes; a second electrolyte-absorbing layer formed on the surface of the separator; and an outer electrode surrounding the outer surface of the second electrolyte-absorbing layer and comprising an outer electrode active material layer and an outer current collector.

A cathode composition is presented. The cathode composition includes an alkali metal halide and an electroactive metal. The electroactive metal includes a first population of particles that is present in a range at least about 50 weight percent of a total weight of the electroactive metal. A specific surface area of the first population of particles is lower than 0.2 m.sup.2/g. An electrochemical cell and an energy storage system including the cathode composition are also presented.

A method of forming a sulfur-based cathode material includes: 1) providing a sulfur-based nanostructure; 2) coating the nanostructure with an encapsulating material to form a shell surrounding the nanostructure; and 3) removing a portion of the nanostructure through the shell to form a void within the shell, with a remaining portion of the nanostructure disposed within the shell.

A battery cell, comprising a wet-laid nonwoven gauntlet defining a chamber, a plurality of polymeric fibers, a binder, and a positive active material housed in the chamber. The plurality of polymeric fibers have a linear mass density of between about 0.5 denier and 13.0 denier, and a length of between about 5 mm and 50 mm. The binder has a binder add-on percentage of between about 5% and 30%. The wet-laid nonwoven gauntlet has a basis weight with a coefficient of variation between about 1% and 5%.

The present disclosure discloses a flow battery system, a battery monitoring device for the flow battery system, and an electrode element for the battery monitoring device and a manufacturing method thereof. The battery monitoring device includes a positive end plate, a positive electrode element, a negative end plate, a negative electrode element, electrolyte supply channels, electrolyte discharge channels, a separator, and a voltage measurement unit. The positive electrode element penetrates through the positive end plate and includes an electrode rod and a signal transmission portion that protrudes from an outer surface of the positive end plate. The negative electrode element penetrates through the negative end plate and includes an electrode rod and a signal transmission portion that is projected on an outer surface of the negative end plate. The separator is between the positive end plate and the negative end plate.

An electrochemical apparatus includes a housing, an electrode assembly, and an insulating sleeve. The electrode assembly is a wound structure, where a first electrode plate of the electrode assembly includes a current collector and a tab. The current collector includes a first side and a second side oppositely disposed in a first direction. The tab includes a first connection region connected to the first side and a second connection region connected to the first connection region. The electrode assembly includes a first end face and a second end face oppositely disposed in the first direction, where the second connection region forms the first end face. The insulating sleeve includes a first region and a second region integrally connected. The first region covers the first connection region, and the second region is disposed on the second connection region and has a first opening.

A battery cell, a battery, and an electrical apparatus are provided. The battery cell includes a shell, an electrode terminal, and an electrode assembly. The shell has a wall portion, and the electrode terminal is mounted on the wall portion in an insulated manner. The electrode assembly includes a main body, a first tab, and a second tab of opposite polarities, both arranged at one end of the main body facing the wall portion in the thickness direction. A connecting portion protrudes from a first surface of the wall portion toward the electrode assembly and is electrically connected to the first tab. The electrode terminal is electrically connected to the second tab. This configuration optimizes the height of the first tab, improves contact between the first tab and the connecting portion, and eliminates the need for a special-shaped connecting component, thereby reducing assembly complexity.

A secondary battery includes a can-type case accommodating an electrode assembly, an electrolyte inlet on a first end of the case, and configured to allow an electrolyte to be injected therethrough, a first thin film cover sealing the electrolyte inlet, and having a through-hole, and a second thin film cover sealing the electrolyte inlet and the through-hole, and located on the first thin film cover.