The invention relates to composite multilayer lithium ion battery anodes that include a porous metal alloy foam, and a lithium ion conductor coating applied to the metal alloy foam. The metal alloy foam can include structurally isomorphous alloys of lithium and, optionally, lithium and magnesium. The lithium ion conductor coating can include ternary lithium silicate, such as, lithium orthosilicate. Lithium ions from the ternary lithium silicate may be deposited within the pores of the metal alloy foam. Optionally, the lithium ion conductor coating may include a dopant. The dopant can include one or more of magnesium, calcium, vanadium, niobium and fluorine, and mixtures and combinations thereof.

This application relates to a positive electrode plate and an electrochemical device. The positive electrode plate comprises a metal current collector, a positive electrode active material layer and a safety coating disposed between the metal current collector and the positive electrode active material layer; the safety coating comprises a polymer matrix, a conductive material and an inorganic filler; the positive electrode active material layer comprises Li.sub.1+xNi.sub.aCo.sub.bMe.sub.(1−a−b)O.sub.2, wherein −0.1≤x≤0.2, 0.6≤a<1, 0<b<1, 0<(1−a−b)<1, and Me is at least one of Mn, Al, Mg, Zn, Ga, Ba, Fe, Cr, Sn, V, Sc, Ti and Zr; and the metal current collector is a porous aluminum-containing current collector. The positive electrode plate can improve safety and electrical performances of an electrochemical device (such as a capacitor, a primary battery, or a secondary battery).

An electrode for use in an electrical energy storage apparatus includes: a carrier structure including a plurality of vacancies thereon; and an active material arranged to undergo chemical reaction during charging and/or discharging of the electrical energy storage apparatus; wherein the active material occupies the plurality of vacancies on the carrier structure.

An electrochemical cell may include: an anode; a porous anodic current collector; a cathode; a porous cathodic current collector; and an alkali metal-conducting separator that separates the anode from the cathode and is disposed surrounding the anodic current collector. The cathode may include seawater. A battery module may include a plurality of the electrochemical cells, and a battery may include a plurality of the battery modules.

A method for preparing an ultrathin Li complex includes the steps of preparing an organic transition layer on a substrate in advance, and contacting the substrate having transition layer with molten Li in argon atmosphere with H.sub.2O≤0.1 ppm and O.sub.2≤0.1 ppm. The molten Li spreads rapidly on the surface of the substrate to form a lithium thin layer. The ultrathin Li layer stores lithium on the current collector beforehand. It can be used as a safe lithium anode to inhibit dendrites.

An innovative fuel cell system with membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) includes a polymer electrolyte membrane, a gas diffusion layer (GDL) made of porous metal foam, and a catalyst layer. A fuel cell has a metal foam layer that improves efficiency and lifetime of the conventional gas diffusion layer, which consists of both gas diffusion barrier (GDB) and microporous layer (MPL). This metal foam GDL enables consistent maintenance of the suitable structure and even distribution of pores during the operation. Due to the combination of mechanical and physical properties of metallic foam, the fuel cell is not deformed by external physical strain. Among many other processing methods of open-cell metal foams, ice-templating provides a cheap, easy processing route suitable for mass production. Furthermore, it provides well-aligned and long channel pores, which improve gas and water flow during the operation of the fuel cell.

A negative electrode current collector includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a prelithiation layer disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. At least one of the first metal layer or the second metal layer has a porous structure.

The disclosure provides a primary battery and an electrode assembly thereof. The electrode assembly includes a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode current collector. The separator has a positive electrode side and a negative electrode side opposite to each other. The positive electrode is located at the positive electrode side of the separator, and the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material. The negative electrode current collector is located at the negative electrode side of the separator. The electrode assembly does not include a negative electrode material before charging or activation.

Particular embodiments described herein provide for an electrode for a battery. The electrode including a current collector frame and an electrode substrate coupled to the current collector frame. An electrically conductive adhesive layer can be between the current collector frame and the electrode substrate and the electrically conductive adhesive layer can include a polymer binder and a conductive filler. The electrode substrate includes a porous material and active electrode material within the porous material. The porous material is copper foam, nickel foam, stainless steel foam, titanium foam, carbon felt, carbon cloth, or a carbon paper conductive polymer. The active electrode material includes one or more of manganese oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, zinc metal, lead oxide, or lead.

An electronic device, including a housing that is metal or lined with an electrically conductive material, at least one electrical component, and a battery cell positioned in a cavity in the outer housing, the battery cell integrated into the electronic device. The battery cell includes a first current collector and an active cell core. The first current collector is the electrically conductive material of the outer housing of the electronic device and connects to the at least one electrical component. The active cell core includes a first active material in adjacent facing relation to and electrically coupled to the first current collector, a second active material; a separator positioned between the first active material and the second active material; and a second current collector electrically coupled with the second active material, wherein the second current collector connects to the at least one electrical component.