In some embodiments, techniques capable of obtaining high-quality fetal ECG (fECG) information using as few as two composite (maternal and fetal) maternal abdominal ECG (aECG) signals to derive the fetal ECG information are provided. In some embodiments, maternal ECG information and fetal ECG information are both obtained from the aECG signals, and are either presented or stored. The techniques may use novel proposed diffusion-based channel selection criteria. To validate the proposed techniques, analysis results of two publicly available databases are described, and compared with other available techniques in the literature.

Systems and apparatus for synthesizing (generating) 12-lead ECG dataset from 3-lead ECG data. In particular, one or more transformation parameters may be determined that may be applied to 3-lead ECG dataset to generate 12-lead ECG data with particular speed and accuracy. The transformation parameters, which may include a plurality of matrices, may be determined from a synchronized patient's 12-lead ECG dataset and 3-lead ECG data. The 12-lead ECG dataset may be collected at a different time than the 3-lead ECG data. In some embodiments, the 12-lead ECG dataset and/or the 3-lead ECG dataset may be resampled prior to determining the transformation parameters.

Systems and apparatus for synthesizing (generating) 12-lead ECG dataset from 3-lead ECG data. In particular, one or more transformation parameters may be determined that may be applied to 3-lead ECG dataset to generate 12-lead ECG data with particular speed and accuracy. The transformation parameters, which may include a plurality of matrices, may be determined from a synchronized patient's 12-lead ECG dataset and 3-lead ECG data. The 12-lead ECG dataset may be collected at a different time than the 3-lead ECG data. In some embodiments, the 12-lead ECG dataset and/or the 3-lead ECG dataset may be resampled prior to determining the transformation parameters.

A method for detecting a position of a signal source in a living body includes: arranging three electrodes on a surface of the living body and alternately connecting a first external resistance and a second external resistance in parallel between the electrodes and a ground potential; measuring first voltages V.sub.i (i=1, 2, 3) generated at the respective electrodes when the first external resistance is connected in parallel between the electrodes and the ground potential, and second voltages V.sub.i (i=1, 2, 3) generated at the respective electrodes when the second external resistance is connected in parallel between the electrodes and the ground potential; and calculating three ratios V.sub.i/V′.sub.i (i=1, 2, 3) from the first and second voltages V.sub.i and V′.sub.i, and detecting the position of the signal source in the living body based on the three ratios V.sub.i/V′.sub.i (i=1, 2, 3).

Described herein are methods, apparatuses, and systems for heart monitoring of a patient. The heart monitoring system can be used to take an electrocardiogram (ECG) using only two electrodes. A handheld device can be used to sequentially measure the electrical signal between different positions on a patient's body. The electrical signals can be processed and analyzed to prepare an ECG for the patient, including a 12-lead ECG.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a 6-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring device that may acquire a 6-lead ECG, does not require the use of adhesives for electrodes, provides ECG data for a user on a near instantaneous basis, and provides an easy and non-invasive way for a user to take a 6-lead ECG on the fly. The ECG monitoring device may acquire leads I, II, and III. The ECG monitoring device may derive augmented limb leads to generate a 6-lead ECG and may subsequently generate a full 12-lead ECG. The ECG monitoring device may generate one or more diagnoses based on the 6-lead reading or the 12-lead set.

An apparatus for generating ECG recordings and a method for using the same are disclosed. The apparatus includes a handheld device having four electrodes on an outer surface thereof, the handheld device having an extended configuration and a storage configuration. The apparatus also includes a controller configured to measure signals between the electrodes to provide signals that are used to generate an ECG recording selected from the group consisting of standard lead traces and precordial traces. When the handheld device is in the extended configuration and the first and second electrodes contact a first hand of a patient such that the first and second electrodes contact different locations on the first hand, the third electrode is in contact with a location on the patient's other hand and the fourth electrode contacts a point on the patient's body that depends on the particular trace being measured.

An apparatus for generating ECG recordings and a method for using the same are disclosed. The apparatus includes a handheld device having four electrodes on an outer surface thereof, the handheld device having an extended configuration and a storage configuration. The apparatus also includes a controller configured to measure signals between the electrodes to provide signals that are used to generate an ECG recording selected from the group consisting of standard lead traces and precordial traces. When the handheld device is in the extended configuration and the first and second electrodes contact a first hand of a patient such that the first and second electrodes contact different locations on the first hand, the third electrode is in contact with a location on the patient's other hand and the fourth electrode contacts a point on the patient's body that depends on the particular trace being measured.

A system for performing an electrocardiogram (ECG) can include a handheld electrocardiograph device having a right arm electrode, a left arm electrode, and a left leg electrode, and can be configured to receive signals from the electrodes and to send data based on the electrode signals to a mobile electronic device. The mobile electronic device can be configured to process and analyze the receive information to provide ECG data, such as 6-lead ECG data. The mobile electronic device can analyze the ECG data to provide diagnostic information. The mobile electronic device can transfer the ECG data to a remote computing system, which can analyze the ECG data to provide diagnostic information.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a small form factor ECG monitoring device that can acquire 3 standard ECG leads including a V-lead, does not require the use of adhesives for electrodes, and provides ECG data for a user on a near instantaneous basis. The ECG monitoring device can acquire leads I, II, and V2 (or any other V lead). The addition of a V-lead not only provides an additional channel of ECG data, but also adds another orthogonal cardiac field plane (the horizontal plane) thanks to the reference point formed by leads I and II. The ECG monitoring device may derive the augmented limb leads and subsequently generate a full 12-lead ECG. The ECG monitoring device may generate one or more diagnoses based on the full 12-lead set. The ECG monitoring device may provide an easy and non-invasive way for a person to take an ECG on the fly.