An embodiment of the invention may include a method, computer program product and system for analyzing cardiac function of a patient. An embodiment may include receiving a plurality of digital image representations of cardiac function at rest. An embodiment may include receiving a plurality of digital image representations of cardiac function at stress. An embodiment may include selecting a digital image representation of cardiac function at rest and a corresponding digital image representation of cardiac function at stress. An embodiment may include aligning the selected representation of cardiac function at rest with the selected corresponding representation of cardiac function at stress. An embodiment may include identifying a difference between the selected representation of cardiac function at rest and the selected corresponding representation of cardiac function at stress based on a displayed overlay of the aligned representations.

An exercise intensity estimation apparatus includes an RS wave calculation unit configured to calculate an RS amplitude from a peak value of an R wave to a peak value of an S wave in an ECG waveform of a target person, a T wave calculation unit configured to calculate an amplitude of a T wave of the ECG waveform, a heart rate calculation unit configured to calculate a heart rate from the ECG waveform, an index calculation unit configured to calculate, as a first index indicating exercise intensity of the target person, the amplitude of the T wave normalized by the RS amplitude, and an index calculation unit configured to calculate, as a second index indicating the exercise intensity of the target person, a value obtained by multiplying the first index by the heart rate.

An apparatus for classifying stress includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement module configured to measure an ECG signal in a first state, an idle state, and an ECG signal in a second state in which noise, having various magnitudes, is generated, a feature point extraction module configured to extract a feature point of each of the measured ECG signal in the first state and the measured ECG signal in the second state, and a clustering module configured to perform K-means clustering on the ECG signals in the first and second states based on the extracted feature points to classify stress.

An apparatus for classifying stress includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement module configured to measure an ECG signal in a first state, an idle state, and an ECG signal in a second state in which noise, having various magnitudes, is generated, a feature point extraction module configured to extract a feature point of each of the measured ECG signal in the first state and the measured ECG signal in the second state, and a clustering module configured to perform K-means clustering on the ECG signals in the first and second states based on the extracted feature points to classify stress.

Methods of treating a valvular heart disease are provided. Methods for treating valvular heard disease include administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one hedgehog pathway inhibitor. Also provided are methods for reducing fibrosis in a subject, which comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one hedgehog pathway inhibitor.

Methods of treating a valvular heart disease are provided. Methods for treating valvular heard disease include administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one hedgehog pathway inhibitor. Also provided are methods for reducing fibrosis in a subject, which comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one hedgehog pathway inhibitor.

Methods of treating a valvular heart disease are provided. Methods for treating valvular heard disease include administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one hedgehog pathway inhibitor. Also provided are methods for reducing fibrosis in a subject, which comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one hedgehog pathway inhibitor.

Methods of treating a valvular heart disease are provided. Methods for treating valvular heard disease include administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one hedgehog pathway inhibitor. Also provided are methods for reducing fibrosis in a subject, which comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one hedgehog pathway inhibitor.

A wrist or finger mounted wearable device and method for determining a state or activity level of the autonomic nervous system, such as the respiratory rate or activity of the vagus nerve. The wearable device having at least a pair of electrocardiograms (ECG) measurement electrode pads configured to perform hand-to-hand ECG measurements. The device or method including monitoring of the pair of ECG measurement pads at a first time period to arrive at a first reading of hand-to-hand ECG, and at a second time period to arrive at a second reading of hand-to-hand ECG. The device or method analyzing the first and second readings of ECG to arrive at first and second indications of a respiratory rate of the individual.

A wearable monitoring device comprising a printed circuit board having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, wherein the printed circuit board is configured to couple to at least one sensor configured to monitor a physiological condition; at least a first padding layer coupled to the printed circuit board proximate the first side; at least a second padding layer coupled to the printed circuit board proximate the second side; a first protective layer coupled to the first padding layer opposite the printed circuit board; a second protective layer coupled to the second padding layer opposite the printed circuit board; at least one additional layer between the first protective layer opposite the printed circuit board; the first protective layer and the second protective layer seal together and enclose the first and second padding and the printed circuit board; and a power source coupled to the printed circuit board.