A system includes a display and a processor. The processor is configured to: (i) receive a three-dimensional (3D) anatomical map including multiple vectors, and a selection of a section of the 3D anatomical map, the section including one or more given vectors among the multiple vectors, (ii) produce a two-dimensional (2D) projection of the section, which includes the one or more given vectors, and (iii) present on the display, the 2D projection overlaid on the 3D anatomical map.

A system includes a display and a processor. The processor is configured to: (i) receive a three-dimensional (3D) anatomical map including multiple vectors, and a selection of a section of the 3D anatomical map, the section including one or more given vectors among the multiple vectors, (ii) produce a two-dimensional (2D) projection of the section, which includes the one or more given vectors, and (iii) present on the display, the 2D projection overlaid on the 3D anatomical map.

Various embodiments include methods and diagnostic systems implementing the methods for determining a prognostic prediction of a likelihood of success or a likelihood of complications of an electrophysiology procedure at the identified area of electrophysiological interest. Various embodiments may include generating a patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) cardiac activation and arrythmia localization model identifying an area of electrophysiological interest for performing an electrophysiology procedure to treat the arrythmia, using the 3D heart model to identify heart structures near the identified area of electrophysiological interest, determining a prognostic indication of an electrophysiology procedure performed at the identified area of electrophysiological interest based at least in part on one or more heart structures near the area of electrophysiological interest, and generating an output providing a prognostic indication of an electrophysiology procedure at the identified area of electrophysiological interest based at least in part on the determined likelihood of success.

In one embodiment, a medical system includes a catheter configured to be inserted into a chamber of a heart of a living subject, and including multiple electrodes configured to capture electrical activity from electrical activation signals propagating in tissue of the chamber, a display, and processing circuitry configured to automatically select bipolar signals to be captured into an electro-anatomical map from respective electrode pairs of the multiple electrodes responsively to an alignment of the respective electrode pairs with a direction of propagation of the electrical activation signals, and render the electro-anatomical map to the display.

A medical apparatus includes a probe configured for insertion into a body of a patient. The probe includes electrodes configured to contact tissue within the body. The apparatus further includes a display screen, a position-tracking system configured to acquire position coordinates of the electrodes, and a processor. The processor is configured to acquire electrophysiological signals from a group of the electrodes in a sequence of time intervals, extract electrophysiological parameters from the signals, and for each time interval, compute a measure of consistency of the parameters extracted from the signals. The processor is further configured to render to the display screen a three-dimensional map of the tissue while superimposing on the map a visual indication of the extracted parameters for which the measure of consistency satisfied a consistency criterion, and automatically discarding from the map the parameters for which the measure of consistency did not satisfy the criterion.

A method for selecting one or more targets for non-invasively treating a cardiac arrhythmia in a patient includes receiving a mapping associated with the patient's heart and generating a segmented model of the mapping associated with the patient's heart. The segmented model divides the mapping into a plurality of segments. The method includes identifying one or more abnormality in the segmented model of the mapping associated with the patient's heart, determining which segment or segments of the plurality of segments include the identified one or more abnormality, and selecting a target for non-invasive treatment of the cardiac arrhythmia based on the determined segment or segments of the plurality of segments that include the identified one or more abnormality.

Medical apparatus and methods for diagnostic and site determination of cardiac arrhythmias within a heart of a subject are provided. A computing device receives, records and processes electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in the form of bipolar and unipolar ECGs associated with respective cardiac tissue locations corresponding to catheter distal end sensors on locations. Unipolar ECGs that include signals from a plurality of successive heartbeats corresponding to locations within an area of study are analyzed to identify Fractionated Unipolar ECG Signal Complexes (FUESCs) of unipolar ECGs by defining complexes of the unipolar ECGs that correspond to respective bipolar activity windows. Identified arrhythmia sites for treatment include a predetermined number of unipolar ECGs that have a predetermined number of FUESCs. Atrial arrhythmia sites for treatment by ablation can be identified with respect to FUESCs of unipolar ECGs that include signals from at least ten successive heartbeats of an atrial tissue study area.

A system includes, first and second circuitries and one or more devices. The first circuitry is configured to generate a stress signal for reducing an impedance of tissue of an organ. The second circuitry is configured to generate an irreversible electroporation (IRE) signal for producing a lesion in the tissue. The one or more devices are configured to apply to the tissue, the stress signal at a first time interval, and the IRE signal at a second time interval, subsequent to the first time interval.

A catheter includes a shaft, a distal-end assembly, and a plurality of electrodes mounted on the distal-end assembly. The shaft is configured for insertion into an organ of a patient. The distal-end assembly is coupled to a distal end of the shaft and configured to make contact with tissue in the organ. At least an electrode among the electrodes is (i) electrically exposed on at least a portion of a surface of the electrode that makes contact with the tissue and (ii) electrically insulated on at least a portion of the surface of the electrode that faces away from the tissue.

A method includes, based on respective signals acquired by a plurality of electrodes on an anatomical surface of a heart, computing respective local activation times (LATs) at respective locations of the electrodes. The method further includes, based on the LATs, computing respective directions of electrical propagation at the locations. The method further includes selecting pairs of adjacent ones of the electrodes such that, for each of the pairs, a vector joining the pair is aligned, to within a predefined threshold degree of alignment, with the direction of electrical propagation at the location of one of the electrodes belonging to the pair. The method further includes associating respective bipolar voltages measured by the pairs of electrodes with a digital model of the anatomical surface. Other examples are also described.