An intracranial apparatus that may be used for electrophysiological monitoring and stimulation of brain tissue of a patient. Embodiments comprise a stylet including a body section and a tip configured to separate brain tissue, a sheath including a body section having an outer surface defining a central opening configured to receive the stylet such that the tip of the stylet extends beyond the body section of the sheath, and a plurality of electrodes disposed at the outer surface of the sheath and configured to be connected to the brain tissue surrounding the sheath for stimulating and/or monitoring.

In some variations provided herein, a system for deep brain stimulation includes an implantable device that acquire and store neural activity signal records and apply electrical stimulation. The system further includes a personal controller device that establishes a first wireless connection to the implantable device. The personal controller device transmits power to the implantable device, and the implantable device transmits neural activity signal records to the personal controller device over the first wireless connection. The system further includes a clinician programmer device that receive the neural activity signal records from the implantable device by establishing a second wireless connection based on activation of the first wireless connection. The clinician programmer device sets one or more stimulation parameters based on the neural activity signal records.

A graphene transistor system for measuring electrophysiological signals uses flexible epicortical and intracortical arrays of graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors (gSGFETs) to record infraslow signals alongside signals in the typical local field potential bandwidth. The graphene transistor system includes a processing unit, and at least one graphene transistor (gSGFET) a tunable voltage source connected to the drain and source terminals of the transistor (gSGFET), and at least one filter configured to acquire and split the signal from the transistor into at least a low frequency band signal and high frequency band signal, which are amplifiable with a gain value.

Therapy systems with quantified biomarker targeting, including for epilepsy treatment, and associated systems and methods, are disclosed. A representative computer-based method for establishing epilepsy treatment parameters for a patient includes receiving multiple indications of interictal EEG biomarkers over a period of time and processing the multiple indications to produce a processed biomarker. The processed biomarker is then used to identify at least one target location at the patient's brain to receive an electrical therapy signal to reduce or eliminate epileptic activity in the patient, and at least one additional signal delivery parameter in accordance with which the electrical therapy signal is to be delivered.

A voltage reference circuit comprises: first transistor, second transistor, first regulating transistor, and second regulating transistor arranged in a stacked connection, wherein first voltage is provided at first node between first and second transistor, second voltage is provided at second node between second transistor and first regulating transistor, third voltage is provided at third node between first and second regulating transistor; wherein first regulating transistor and second regulating transistor are connected to first node and second node, respectively, for compensating changes in first voltage and second voltage, respectively, to maintain stable voltage levels; wherein voltage reference circuit outputs at least one of the first, second or third voltage as a reference voltage.

A voltage reference circuit comprises: first transistor, second transistor, first regulating transistor, and second regulating transistor arranged in a stacked connection, wherein first voltage is provided at first node between first and second transistor, second voltage is provided at second node between second transistor and first regulating transistor, third voltage is provided at third node between first and second regulating transistor; wherein first regulating transistor and second regulating transistor are connected to first node and second node, respectively, for compensating changes in first voltage and second voltage, respectively, to maintain stable voltage levels; wherein voltage reference circuit outputs at least one of the first, second or third voltage as a reference voltage.

The present invention provides methods of utilizing a cranial implant to improve a mental, physical, physiological, and/or informational condition of a person. The method generally comprises steps of 1) obtaining signals from the cranial implant of the person, 2) processing the obtained signals to produce a visually renderable image, and 3) rendering the image on an intraocular display.

Example embodiments described in this disclosure are generally directed to detecting drowsiness in a driver of a vehicle. In an example method, a driver drowsiness detection system receives a motor cortex signal from a brain activity monitoring element attached to the driver. The brain activity monitoring element can be a cortical implant, for example. The driver drowsiness detection system evaluates the motor cortex signal to identify an anatomical part of the driver (eyes, for example) that is associated with a brain activity. The driver drowsiness detection system then uses a drowsiness detection device placed in the vehicle for evaluating a physical activity of the anatomical part. The evaluation may be carried out by using a camera directed upon the driver's eyes, for example. The driver drowsiness detection system determines a drowsiness state of the driver based on the evaluation and assigns a sleep risk score.

A burr hole device is configured to receive a catheter and a cable of a sheath. The sheath is configured to receive a portion of the catheter and has an electrode. When the catheter and sheath are implanted with the burr hole device, the catheter and electrode of the sheath are implanted in a brain. Systems and apparatuses may include the burr hole device and/or a cranial port device, the catheter, and the sheath.

The present invention relates to an implant adapted to be implanted at least partially in a biological tissue (20). Today's implants remain very susceptible to mechanical damage. The inventors have thus developed an implant having a greater reliability in terms of resistance to mechanical stress than existing implants, while allowing for easy connection with different parts of a biological tissue. This implant comprises an implant body (30) and a set of electrically conductive wires (55), each wire (55) comprising a first portion (65) electrically connected to the body (30), a second portion (70) and a third portion (75) intended to be electrically connected to the tissue (20), The implant (10) comprises a set of arms (25) comprising each an insulating sheath (60) and a bundle (52) of wires (55), each bundle (52) comprising at least two subsets (62) of wires (55).