Provided is a layered double hydroxide (LDH) separator including a porous substrate made of a polymeric material; and a hydroxide-ion conductive layered compound being a LDH and/or a LDH-like compound with which pores of the porous substrate are plugged. The LDH separator has a mean porosity of 0.03% to less than 1.0%.

Provided is a layered double hydroxide (LDH) separator including a porous substrate made of a polymeric material; and a hydroxide-ion conductive layered compound being a LDH and/or a LDH-like compound with which pores of the porous substrate are plugged. The LDH separator has a mean porosity of 0.03% to less than 1.0%.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a battery comprising a housing. In some embodiments, the housing comprises an opening. In some embodiments, the battery comprises at least one fluoropolymer membrane. In some embodiments, the at least one fluoropolymer membrane covers the opening of the housing. In some embodiments, the at least one fluoropolymer membrane has a crystallinity of 85% to 100%. In some embodiments, the at least one fluoropolymer membrane has a density of 2.0 g/cm.sup.3 to 2.2 g/cm.sup.3. In some embodiments, the at least one fluoropolymer membrane has a CO.sub.2 permeability to moisture permeability ratio of more than 0.5. A polytetrafluoroethylene film for electronic components, characterized in that the polytetrafluoroethylene film can have a density of 1.40 g/cm.sup.3 or higher and an air impermeability of 3,000 seconds or higher.

The invention relates to a fluoropolymer film which makes it possible to manufacture a gelled dense membrane which offers a very good compromise between ionic conductivity and mechanical strength after swelling. This membrane is intended for use as a separator for Li-ion batteries.

The invention relates to a fluoropolymer film which makes it possible to manufacture a gelled dense membrane which offers a very good compromise between ionic conductivity and mechanical strength after swelling. This membrane is intended for use as a separator for Li-ion batteries.

A separator for a lithium secondary battery, including: a porous polymer substrate; and a crosslinked porous coating layer on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate. The crosslinked porous coating layer includes inorganic particles and a crosslinkable binder polymer crosslinked through urethane crosslinking. The separator has improved heat resistance as compared to the conventional separators and maintains adhesion to an electrode. A lithium secondary battery including the separator is also disclosed.

A separator for a lithium secondary battery, including: a porous polymer substrate; and a crosslinked porous coating layer on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate. The crosslinked porous coating layer includes inorganic particles and a crosslinkable binder polymer crosslinked through urethane crosslinking. The separator has improved heat resistance as compared to the conventional separators and maintains adhesion to an electrode. A lithium secondary battery including the separator is also disclosed.

A fluid delivery system can include a spray gun. The spray gun can include a mix chamber assembly having at least two bores configured to receive a first fluid and a second fluid, and a chamber fluidly coupled to the at least two bores, the chamber configured to mix the first and the second fluid. The spray gun can include a handle and a winged extension disposed to contact at least a portion of an operator's back hand when the operator holds the spray gun via the handle.

A separator for an electrochemical device having a low content of secondary particles formed by aggregation of inorganic particles in the inorganic coating layer. The separator has a low content of secondary particles protruding from the separator surface to a predetermined height. Since the inorganic particles are not aggregated but are distributed homogeneously in the inorganic coating layer, the separator has uniform dispersion of pressure over the whole surface of the separator, when it is applied to a battery and pressure is generated in the battery due to the charge/discharge of the battery. Deformation of the separator is minimized. When using a porous film as a separator substrate, there is a low tendency for intensive application of pressure from the secondary particles to a local site of the separator substrate, and thus the separator substrate is less damaged and the possibility of short-circuit generation is reduced.

A separator for an electrochemical device having a low content of secondary particles formed by aggregation of inorganic particles in the inorganic coating layer. The separator has a low content of secondary particles protruding from the separator surface to a predetermined height. Since the inorganic particles are not aggregated but are distributed homogeneously in the inorganic coating layer, the separator has uniform dispersion of pressure over the whole surface of the separator, when it is applied to a battery and pressure is generated in the battery due to the charge/discharge of the battery. Deformation of the separator is minimized. When using a porous film as a separator substrate, there is a low tendency for intensive application of pressure from the secondary particles to a local site of the separator substrate, and thus the separator substrate is less damaged and the possibility of short-circuit generation is reduced.