Novel, high voltage cathode active materials for non-aqueous ammonia based primary and reserve batteries are described therein, as well as non-aqueous electrolytes supporting high voltage, and various anodes, separators and cell constructions are disclosed. Said materials provide higher power output at low temperatures over prior art ammonia based batteries.

A secondary battery and a method for making the same are disclosed. The secondary battery includes a battery negative electrode, an electrolyte liquid, a diaphragm and a battery positive electrode. The battery negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, which also acts as a negative electrode active material. The electrolyte liquid includes an electrolyte and a solvent, the electrolyte being a lithium salt. The battery positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, which includes a positive electrode active material capable of reversibly de-intercalating lithium ions.

A separator which includes: a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores; a separator base including a porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate; and an adhesive layer formed on at least one surface of the separator base, said adhesive layer comprising a plurality of second inorganic particles and adhesive resin particles, wherein the weight ratio of the second inorganic particles to the adhesive resin particles is 5:95-60:40, and the diameter of the adhesive resin particles is 1.1-3.5 times the diameter of the second inorganic particles. An electrochemical device including the separator is also disclosed. The separator shows improved adhesion between an electrode and the separator, maintains the pores of the adhesive layer even after a process of electrode lamination, and improves the resistance of an electrochemical device.

A lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner. An automated machine based system, apparatus and methods assessing and inspecting the quality of such vitreous solid electrolyte sheets, electrode sub-assemblies and lithium electrode assemblies can be based on spectrophotometry and can be performed inline with fabricating the sheet or web (e.g., inline with drawing of the vitreous Li ion conducting glass) and/or with the manufacturing of associated electrode sub-assemblies and lithium electrode assemblies and battery cells.

A planar solid electrolyte oxygen separator includes a first end plate formed with an oxygen outlet, a second end plate, two solid electrolyte cells disposed between the first and second end plates, and a planar interconnector disposed between the solid electrolyte cells. Each of the solid electrolyte cells includes two electrode layers, a metal-oxide-based electrolyte layer, and a through hole that is aligned with the oxygen outlet. The planar interconnector includes an upper portion having upper main channels and an upper passage, a lower portion having lower channels, and a connecting passage fluidly connected to the upper passage and the lower channels.

A planar solid electrolyte oxygen separator includes a first end plate formed with an oxygen outlet, a second end plate, two solid electrolyte cells disposed between the first and second end plates, and a planar interconnector disposed between the solid electrolyte cells. Each of the solid electrolyte cells includes two electrode layers, a metal-oxide-based electrolyte layer, and a through hole that is aligned with the oxygen outlet. The planar interconnector includes an upper portion having upper main channels and an upper passage, a lower portion having lower channels, and a connecting passage fluidly connected to the upper passage and the lower channels.

Disclosed herein are novel or improved fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, composite mat separators, composite mat separators containing fibers and silica particles, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, and/or flooded lead acid battery separators, and/or batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems, and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing internal resistance, reducing metalloid poisoning, reducing acid stratification, and/or improving uniformity in at least enhanced flooded batteries.

Disclosed herein are novel or improved fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, composite mat separators, composite mat separators containing fibers and silica particles, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, and/or flooded lead acid battery separators, and/or batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems, and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing internal resistance, reducing metalloid poisoning, reducing acid stratification, and/or improving uniformity in at least enhanced flooded batteries.

A compound of Formula 1
Li.sub.1+(4−a)αHf.sub.2−αM.sup.a.sub.α(PO.sub.4−δ).sub.3  (1)
is disclosed, wherein M is at least one cationic element having a valence of a, wherein 0<α≤⅔, 1≤a≤4, and 0≤δ≤0.1. Also described are an electrolyte composition, a separator, a protected positive electrode, a protected negative electrode, and a lithium battery, each including the compound of Formula 1.

A lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner.