This invention relates to the formation of standby structural composite electrical energy storage devices, and a method of producing same. The device may be a standby battery or supercapacitor with first and second electrodes which are separated by a separator structure, wherein the device contains an electrolyte retained in a reservoir. The use of at least one valve allows the addition, removal of electrolyte fluids, and venting of any outgassing by products.

Electrochemical device using thin micro-porous metal sheets. The porous metal sheet may have a thickness less than 200 μm, provides three-dimensional networked pore structures of pore sizes in the range of 2.0 nm to 5.0 μm, and is electrically conductive. The micro-porous metal sheet is used for positively and/or negatively-charged electrodes by providing large specific contact surface area of reactants/electron. Nano-sized catalyst or features can be added inside pores of the porous metal sheet of pore sizes at sub- and micrometer scale to enhance the reaction activity and capacity. Micro-porous ceramic materials may be coated on the porous metal sheet at a thickness of less than 40 μm to enhance the functionality of the porous metal sheet and may function as a membrane separator. The electrochemical device may be used for decomposing molecules and for synthesis of molecules such as synthesis of ammonia from water and nitrogen molecules.

A solid state battery that includes: a battery element including, along a stacking direction, one or more battery constituent units including a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer each having extended portions, and a solid electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer; a first external terminal and a second external terminal that a respectively electrically connected to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer; a protective layer covering a surface of the battery element; and a buffer portion surrounding at least one of the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer in the plan view, wherein at least a local portion of the buffer portion between a side surface of the electrode layer having the extended portion and the external terminal includes a resin-free insulating material substantially identical to a resin-free insulating material of the protective layer.

A solid state battery that includes: a battery element including, along a stacking direction, one or more battery constituent units including a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer each having extended portions, and a solid electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer; a first external terminal and a second external terminal that a respectively electrically connected to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer; a protective layer covering a surface of the battery element; and a buffer portion surrounding at least one of the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer in the plan view, wherein at least a local portion of the buffer portion between a side surface of the electrode layer having the extended portion and the external terminal includes a resin-free insulating material substantially identical to a resin-free insulating material of the protective layer.

Improved battery separators, batteries, and systems, as well as methods relating thereto are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries such as valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries that include one or more AGM layers. The improved battery separators described herein may provide a battery system with an advantage of a significantly decreased acid filling time and a significantly increased acid filling speed. Various improved batteries, methods and systems are described herein using such improved battery separators that increase acid filling speed and decrease acid filling time for a VRLA battery.

A battery separator for a lead acid battery addresses the issues of acid stratification and separator oxidation arising from contaminants. The separator includes a microporous membrane and a diffusive mat affixed thereto. The diffusive mat has a three hour wick of: at least about 2.5 cm. The diffusive mat may be made of synthetic fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers, and combinations thereof. The diffusive mat may include silica. The separator may include a rubber.

An electrode for an electrochemical energy storage device having interlayers of vanadium oxygen hydrate (VOH); and polyaniline (PANI) intercalated in the interlayers of VOH. A method for making the same and an electrochemical energy storage device including the aforementioned electrode are also discussed herein.

An electrode for an electrochemical energy storage device having interlayers of vanadium oxygen hydrate (VOH); and polyaniline (PANI) intercalated in the interlayers of VOH. A method for making the same and an electrochemical energy storage device including the aforementioned electrode are also discussed herein.

Molding a Li ion conductive sulfide glass construct into a flat preform shape using a mold having a molding surface of a material that is chemically inert in direct contact with a glass blank when heated can improve molding performance.

Molding a Li ion conductive sulfide glass construct into a flat preform shape using a mold having a molding surface of a material that is chemically inert in direct contact with a glass blank when heated can improve molding performance.