The present disclosure relates to a lithium secondary battery including: a non-aqueous electrolyte including a lithium salt, an organic solvent, a first additive represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second additive represented by Chemical Formula 2; a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material including a lithium composite transition metal oxide having a nickel content of 70 mol % or more among a total transition metal content; a negative electrode including an negative electrode active material; and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

A nanocomposite membrane includes a polymer phase, a nanowire phase, and a pore phase. The polymer phase includes a polymer including a cyclic imide group. The nanowire phase includes metal oxide nanowires. Each of the polymer phase and the nanowire phase is uniformly distributed within at least part of the nanocomposite membrane.

Discussed is an electrolyte solution for a lithium-sulfur battery including a lithium salt, an organic solvent and an additive, and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same, wherein the additive includes a heterocyclic compound containing at least one double bond, and a heterocycle of the heterocyclic compound comprises an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.101 and R.sup.102 are the same as or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group optionally containing a fluorine atom; and R.sup.103 is an alkyl group or an organic group containing an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond. Also disclosed is an electrochemical device and lithium ion secondary battery including the electrolyte solution, and a module including the electrochemical device or lithium ion secondary battery.

Electrolytes for lithium ion batteries with carbon-based, silicon-based, or carbon- and silicon-based anodes include a lithium salt; a nonaqueous solvent comprising at least one of the following components: (i) an ester, (ii) a sulfur-containing solvent, (iii) a phosphorus-containing solvent, (iv) an ether, (v) a nitrile, or any combination thereof, wherein the lithium salt is soluble in the solvent; a diluent comprising a fluoroalkyl ether, a fluorinated orthoformate, a fluorinated carbonate, a fluorinated borate, or a combination thereof, wherein the lithium salt has a solubility in the diluent at least 10 times less than a solubility of the lithium salt in the solvent; and an additive having a different composition than the lithium salt, a different composition than the solvent, and a different composition than the diluent.

A lithium-sulfur secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a cyclic carbonate, and the cyclic carbonate is fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, or a combination thereof. The amount of cyclic carbonate in the electrolyte is more than 0 ppm and less than 1,000 ppm based on the total weight of the electrolyte. The cycle performance of the lithium-sulfur secondary battery can be improved because the lithium-sulfur secondary battery contains a cyclic carbonate in the electrolyte.

An electrolyte for a secondary battery includes a solvent, a lithium salt, and a film-forming additive. A content of the film-forming additive is 0.1%-10% by mass of a total mass of the electrolyte, and the content of the film-forming additive satisfies:

[00001]$0.1\ast {10}^{\text{-}2}\le \frac{A\ast B}{M\ast \left(C+N\right)}\le 3\ast {10}^{\text{-2}}$

. A is a mass percentage of the film-forming additive in the total mass of the electrolyte. B is an electrolyte retention coefficient of the secondary battery, in g/Ah. M is a mass of a positive electrode active material required per unit capacity of the secondary battery, in g/Ah. N is a mass percentage of nickel in the positive electrode active material contained in the secondary battery. and C is a mass percentage of Co in the positive electrode active material contained in the secondary battery.

Provided are an electrolyte functional additive for a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion battery electrolyte and the lithium ion battery. Calculated in parts by weight, the functional additive includes 0.1-0.5 parts of lithium tetrafluoroborate, 0.3-1.5 parts of lithium bisoxalate borate, and 0.2-2 parts of vinylene carbonate. The functional additive guarantees that a dense and stable SEI film is formed on the surface of a negative electrode, and high-temperature storage performance and high-temperature cycle performance of the battery are improved.

A lithium primary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode contains a positive electrode material mixture including Li.sub.xMnO.sub.2 where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05. The negative electrode contains at least one of metal lithium and a lithium alloy. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains an oxalate borate complex component and a cyclic imide component. In the non-aqueous electrolyte, the concentration of the oxalate borate complex component is 5.5 mass% or less, and the concentration of the cyclic imide component is 1 mass% or less. The mass ratio of the cyclic imide component to the oxalate borate complex component contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.02 or more and 10 or less.

Described herein are acidified metal oxide (“AMO”) materials useful in applications such as a battery electrode or photovoltaic component, in which the AMO material is used in conjunction with one or more acidic species. Advantageously, batteries constructed of AMO materials and incorporating acidic species, such as in the electrode or electrolyte components of the battery exhibit improved capacity as compared to a corresponding battery lacking the acidic species.