A cell according to the present disclosure includes: a solid electrolyte layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a fuel electrode on the first surface; an air electrode on the second surface; and a middle layer between the second surface and the air electrode. The middle layer=is a CeO.sub.2-type sintered body containing Si, the content of Si equivalent to or less than 150 ppm in terms of SiO.sub.2. A cell stack device includes a cell stack in which the plurality of cells is aligned. A module includes: a storage container; and the cell stack device that is housed in the storage container. A module housing device includes: an external case; the module and an auxiliary equipment that drives the module, which are housed in the external case.

A solid oxide fuel cell comprising an anode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a two phased cathode layer. The two phased cathode layer comprises praseodymium and gadolinium-doped ceria. Additionally, the solid oxide fuel cell does not contain a barrier layer.

An electrochemical cell according to an embodiment includes a hydrogen electrode, an electrolyte laminated on the hydrogen electrode, a barrier-layer laminated on the electrolyte, and an oxygen electrode laminated on the barrier-layer. The barrier-layer has a porous structure having a thickness of greater than 20 μm and a porosity of greater than 10%.

An electrolyte of a solid oxide cell is required to be capable of suppressing both gas cross-leak and electron leak. In addition, it is important from the viewpoint of a reduction in material costs and in the electric resistance of the electrolyte that the electrolyte is made into a thin film and that no expensive noble metal is used. The present invention provides a thin-film-shaped proton conducting electrolyte capable of suppressing both gas cross-leak and electron leak, a solid oxide cell using the proton conducting electrolyte, and a manufacturing method for the proton conducting electrolyte and the solid oxide cell. A proton conducting electrolyte using an oxide material having proton conductivity is provided. The proton conducting electrolyte includes a first portion containing Me (Me=at least any one of Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu), and a second portion different in Me content from the first portion.

The present invention provides an energy storage device comprising a cathode region or other element. The device has a major active region comprising a plurality of first active regions spatially disposed within the cathode region. The major active region expands or contracts from a first volume to a second volume during a period of a charge and discharge. The device has a catholyte material spatially confined within a spatial region of the cathode region and spatially disposed within spatial regions not occupied by the first active regions. In an example, the catholyte material comprises a lithium, germanium, phosphorous, and sulfur (“LGPS”) containing material configured in a polycrystalline state. The device has an oxygen species configured within the LGPS containing material, the oxygen species having a ratio to the sulfur species of 1:2 and less to form a LGPSO material. The device has a protective material formed overlying exposed regions of the cathode material to substantially maintain the sulfur species within the catholyte material. Also included is a novel dopant configuration of the Li.sub.aMP.sub.bS.sub.c (LMPS) [M=Si,Ge, and/or Sn] containing material.

A solid oxide fuel cell includes: a support layer mainly composed of a metal; an anode supported by the support; and a mixed layer interposed between the support and the anode, wherein the anode includes an electrode bone structure composed of a ceramic material containing a first oxide having electron conductivity and a second oxide having oxygen ion conductivity, and the mixed layer has a structure in which a metallic material and a ceramic material are mixed.

The disclosure relates to a method for producing a solid-state lithium ion conductor material in which the use of water and/or steam is a medium when the obtained intermediate product is cooled or quenched and, if needed, comminution of the intermediate product and/or carrying out of a cooling process with the production of a powder in one comminution step or in a plurality of comminution steps leads or lead to especially advantageous production products. The subject of the disclosure is also the solid-state lithium ion conductor material that has an ion conductivity of at least 10.sup.−5 S/cm at room temperature as well as a water content of <1.0 wt %. The disclosure further relates to the use of the solid-state lithium ion conductor material in the form of a powder in batteries or rechargeable batteries, preferably lithium batteries or rechargeable lithium batteries, in particular, separators, cathodes, anodes, or solid-state electrolytes.

Herein discussed is a method of using an oxide ion conducting membrane comprising exposing the oxide ion conducting membrane to a reducing environment on both sides of the membrane. In an embodiment, the oxide ion conducting membrane also conducts electrons. In various embodiments, the membrane is impermeable to fluid flow (e.g., having a permeability of less than 1 micro darcy). In an embodiment, the oxide ion conducting membrane comprises lanthanum chromite and a material selected from the group consisting of doped ceria, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), lanthanum strontium gallate magnesite (LSGM), scandia-stabilized zirconia (SSZ), Sc and Ce doped zirconia, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the lanthanum chromite comprises undoped lanthanum chromite, strontium doped lanthanum chromite, iron doped lanthanum chromite, strontium and iron doped lanthanum chromite, lanthanum calcium chromite, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the membrane is mixed conducting.

A modified garnet-type solid electrolyte, includes: a garnet-type solid electrolyte; a modification layer, such that the modification layer is formed on at least one side of the garnet-type solid electrolyte, and possesses a three-dimensional crosslinking structure comprising at least one strongly acidic lithium salt and at least one weakly acidic lithium salt. A method of forming a modified garnet-type solid electrolyte, includes: exposing a garnet-type solid electrolyte in air to form a pre-passivation layer; mixing solutions of strong acid and weakly acidic salt to form a mixed solution; chemically treating at least one side of the garnet-type solid electrolyte with the mixed solution; and forming a modification layer on the at least one side of the garnet-type solid electrolyte.

Provided is a low-cost electrochemical element that has excellent performance, reliability, and durability. Also, provided is a manufacturing method for an electrochemical element including a metal substrate (metal support) and an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate. The method includes an electrode layer forming step of forming an electrode layer having a region with a surface roughness of 1.0 μm or less on/over the metal substrate, and an electrolyte layer forming step of forming an electrolyte layer by spraying aerosolized metal oxide powder onto the electrode layer.