An electronic switch for switching between signal outputs comprises a 6-way symmetric hybrid ring combiner. Each port within the 6-way symmetric hybrid ring combiner is positioned at /4 wavelength increments around a circumference of the 6-way symmetric hybrid ring combiner.

A device and a method for creating and/or maintaining an obstruction free upper respiratory passages. The device is configured to fit under the chin of a subject adjacent to the subject's neck at an external location corresponding approximately with the subject's internal soft tissue associated with the neck's anterior triangle. The device is capable of exerting negative pressure on the surface of a subject's neck, displacing the soft tissue forward and enlarging the airway.

The disclosed systems, structures, and methods are directed to an orbital angular momentum (OAM) receiver. The OAM receiver includes at least two receiver antenna elements to receive radiated OAM signal beams containing superposed order modes and to generate antenna element output signals based on the received OAM signal beams. The receiver antenna elements are positioned tangentially along a circular locus and spatially separated by a distance. A variable ratio combining unit operates to switch between the antenna output signals based on a high-rate periodic waveform that emulates unidirectional movement by the antenna elements to produce a pseudo-Doppler frequency shift. The variable ratio combining unit further modulates the antenna output signals based on the periodic waveform to impart a fractional pseudo-Doppler shift to each OAM mode and combines the modulated antenna element output signals in accordance with the fractional pseudo-Doppler shift to facilitate separation of the OAM modes.

A directional coupler includes: a first waffle-iron ridge waveguide extending from one end to other end; a second waffle-iron ridge waveguide extending from one end to the other end; a first bypass waveguide connecting a first site of the first waffle-iron ridge waveguide and a first site of the second waffle-iron ridge waveguide; and a second bypass waveguide connecting a second site of the first waffle-iron ridge waveguide and a second site of the second waffle-iron ridge waveguide.

Embodiments include different multi-port ring combiners which are configured to act as multi-output signal routers. One type of multi-port ring combiner includes input ports that are driven by pairs of outphasing signals. The multi-port ring combiner also includes multiple channels that are independently routed to a first output, to a second output, or to a third output, according to a phase relationship of the multi-port ring combiner. The multi-port ring combiner enables an outphasing signal combination which provides output port selection. The multi-port ring combiner may be a 4-port ring combiner, a 5-port ring combiner or a 6-port ring combiner.

Examples disclosed herein relate to a vector modulator architecture, having an input splitter network configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) input signal and generate a plurality of quadrature signals at different phases, a variable gain amplifier (VGA) stage coupled to the input splitter network and configured to apply a first gain to one or more of the plurality of quadrature signals, a power combiner coupled to the VGA stage and configured to combine the plurality of quadrature signals into a combined RF signal, and a power amplifier (PA) stage coupled to the power combiner and configured to apply a second gain to the combined RF signal and generate an output RF signal. Other examples disclosed herein relate to an antenna system for autonomous vehicles and a radar system for use in an autonomous driving vehicle.

In one aspect, a unit cell of a phased array antenna includes a metal plate having a hole, a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a first plurality of laminate layers disposed on the first side, a second plurality of layers disposed on the second side of the metal plate, a radiator disposed in the first plurality of layer on the first side, a feed circuit disposed in the second plurality of laminate layers on the second side and configured to provide excitation signals to the radiator and a first plurality of vias extending through the hole connecting the feed circuit to the radiator.

In accordance with some embodiments, non-reciprocal circulators are provided, the circulators comprising: a 3X/4-long ring section having a first end and a second end, wherein is an operating wavelength of the non-reciprocal circulator; and a N-path filter having a first port, a second port, and N-paths, each of the N-paths being connected to the first port and the second port. In some of these embodiments, the 3/4-long ring section includes a transmit port, an antenna port, and a receive port. In some of these embodiments, the transmit port is /4 away from the antenna port. In some of these embodiments, the antenna port is /4 away from the receive port. In some of these embodiments, the receive port is at the first port of the N-path filter.

An antenna system includes a ground and a substrate mounted on the ground. The antenna system includes a first transmitter antenna and a second transmitter antenna configured to transmit a first signal at a predetermined frequency. The first transmitter antenna has a first longitudinal axis and is mounted in a first quadrant of the substrate. The second transmitter antenna has a second longitudinal axis and is mounted in a second quadrant of the substrate. The antenna system includes a first receiver antenna and a second receiver antenna configured to receive a second signal at the predetermined frequency. The first receiver antenna has a third longitudinal axis and is mounted in a third quadrant of the substrate. The third longitudinal axis of the first receiver antenna is oriented orthogonal to the first longitudinal axis of the first transmitter antenna and the second longitudinal axis of the second transmitter antenna.

A demultiplexer/multiplexer includes an input terminal, which receives input signals from respective phases of a quadrifilar helix antenna; phase shifter/separator/mixers, which alternately phase-shift right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized waves of the input signals, respectively, by 90/90 to produce phase-shifted waves to be combined in an inphase combination; phase shifter/mixers, which receive the left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized waves from the phase shifter/separator/mixers, and phase-shift one of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves by 180/180 to produce a phase-shifted wave to be combined with the other of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves in an antiphase combination; a variable phase shifter, which adjusts an output signal from the phase shifter/mixers by a phase-shift amount that is received in advance; and an output terminal, which outputs an output signal from the variable phase shifter and the other output signal that is not input to the variable phase shifter.