Articles and systems configured for treating GI motility disorders are generally provided. In some embodiments, an article comprising one or more electrodes (with both sensing and stimulating capabilities) may be configured to stimulate one or more tissues in the GI tract, electrically and/or chemically, to modulate peristalsis and/or allow neuromodulation. In some embodiments, a system comprises a controller that allows for close-loop operation of the article, e.g., such that the article may stimulate (e.g., via a feedback loop) the one or more organs in the GI tract upon receiving sensed parameters in the GI tract. In some embodiments, an implantation tool comprising a sensor may allow for submucosal or intramuscular implantation of an article. The implantation tool and the article may be useful for, for example, as a general platform for delivery of treating GI motility disorders and/or neuromodulation of the GI tract.

Intraoral electrical stimulation devices are disclosed. A representative device, which can be used to treat sleep apnea, includes an intraoral attachment body, a guide element carried by the attachment body and having a constrained guide path, and an electrode movably supported relative to the guide element and movable along the constrained guide path to a plurality of positions. A positioning member is coupleable to the electrode to move the electrode along the constrained guide path, and a signal generator is coupleable to the electrode to direct a stimulation signal to the electrode.

Intraoral electrical stimulation devices are disclosed. A representative device, which can be used to treat sleep apnea, includes an intraoral attachment body, a guide element carried by the attachment body and having a constrained guide path, and an electrode movably supported relative to the guide element and movable along the constrained guide path to a plurality of positions. A positioning member is coupleable to the electrode to move the electrode along the constrained guide path, and a signal generator is coupleable to the electrode to direct a stimulation signal to the electrode.

A system and method which performs translumbosacral neuromodulation therapy in a subject by outputting pulses of magnetic energy onto the lumbar and sacral nerves of the subject is described. The system includes a control unit, an anorectal probe, at least one skin electrode, a first magnetic coil, a second magnetic coil, and a neurophysiological recorder. The control unit manages the system components. The anorectal probe and the skin electrode detect muscle activity when a nerve from the back of the subject is stimulated. The first magnetic coil outputs singular pulses of magnetic energy to localize a plurality of optimal stimulation sites. The second magnetic coil outputs repetitive pulses of magnetic energy to each of the plurality of optimal stimulation sites in order to treat medical problems. The neurophysiological recorder displays motor-evoked potential (MEP) data that is detected by the anorectal probe and the skin electrode through electromyographic sensors.

A diagnosis device, and more particularly, a compartment syndrome diagnostic device is described herein. The diagnostic device may include a display that renders information associated with stimulation of a motor unit suspected of suffering from compartment syndrome. The diagnostic device may generate a stimulation signal for stimulating the motor unit through an electrode. The device may determine whether the motor unit is at risk for compartment syndrome based on the response of the motor unit to the stimulation. The diagnostic device may also measure pressure of a compartment. The device may determine whether the motor unit is at risk for compartment syndrome based on the measured pressure and the response of the motor unit to the stimulation.

A method of determining a measure of contact of an EMG sensor with the skin of a human or animal subject, the method comprising: receiving data captured by the EMG sensor; calculating a spectral entropy of the received data over a first time period in respect of a predetermined frequency band; determining a measure of contact for the first time period in dependence on the spectral entropy of the received data; and processing the received data of the first time period in dependence on the measure of contact.

A method of determining a measure of contact of an EMG sensor with the skin of a human or animal subject, the method comprising: receiving data captured by the EMG sensor; calculating a spectral entropy of the received data over a first time period in respect of a predetermined frequency band; determining a measure of contact for the first time period in dependence on the spectral entropy of the received data; and processing the received data of the first time period in dependence on the measure of contact.

Provided are devices and methods for preventing an episode of incontinence in an individual in need thereof. The devices comprise a sensor and a stimulator electrode that can be implanted into the body of the individual. Once the device is implanted in the individual, the sensor of the device senses a parameter that is associated with a response from the individual that is intended to prevent an episode of incontinence. Then, the device provides an electrical stimulation using the electrode that, together with the response, helps to prevent the episode of incontinence.

A system for infusing medication into a mammalian subject is provided. The system includes an injection system for controlling a flow of fluid from a fluid reservoir to a needle. A sensor is provided that detects a characteristic indicative of the fluid pressure in the needle. The injection system controls the flow of fluid to the needle in response to the characteristic detected by the sensor and the sensor continuously detects the characteristic as the needle is inserted into the subject. The system further includes a conductive element for providing electric nerve stimulation, wherein the system provides electric nerve stimulation in response to the sensor detecting a pressure exceeding an upper limit.

A method for performing percutaneous spinal interbody fusion on a spine of a patient can include inserting without direct visualization a neuro-monitoring dilating probe into the patient, performing neuro-monitoring via the neuro-monitoring dilating probe, advancing the neuro-monitoring dilating probe into a disc space, passing a second dilator over the neuro-monitoring dilating probe, and advancing the second dilator into the disc space. A kit for performing percutaneous spinal interbody fusion can include a neuro-monitoring dilating probe, a second dilator, a tissue removal tool, an access portal comprising an adjustable depth stop, and a discectomy verification device.