An intelligent subsystem coupled with one or more radio transceivers, a voice processing module/a first set of computer implementable instructions (stored in a non-transitory storage media) to understand a voice command in a natural language and a second set of computer implementable instructions (stored in the non-transitory storage media) to provide learning or intelligence to the intelligent subsystem in response to a user's interest/preference, is disclosed. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem is sensor-aware or context-aware.

A system where a laser (202) having an input that controls the frequency of laser emission, an optical frequency discriminator (210), and a control system (230) are configured such that the laser frequency can be swept according to a desired function of time. In particular a linear triangular frequency output is achieved which is a repeating sequence of linearly increasing optical frequency and a linearly decreasing optical frequency. The control system relies on a frequency discriminator signal to obtain the information about laser frequency. During generation of repeating swept frequency waveforms the laser frequency remains between the adjacent periodic features of the discriminator optical frequency response. The control system dynamically or iteratively optimizes the laser frequency control signal in order to maintain the desired laser optical frequency sweep.

A laser includes a substrate, first and second claddings, a gain medium, and multiple supports. The first cladding is spaced apart from the substrate by an air gap. A thickness of the first cladding in a vertical direction is in a range from 0.05-0.15 micrometers. The gain medium is disposed on the first cladding opposite the air gap. The second cladding is disposed on the gain medium opposite the first cladding. A thickness of the second cladding in the vertical direction is in a range from 0.05-0.15 micrometers. The supports are coupled to each of the substrate, the first cladding, the gain medium, and the second cladding to retain the first cladding, the gain medium, and the second cladding spaced apart from the substrate.

An intelligent subsystem coupled with a system-on-chip (comprising a microprocessor/graphic processor), a radio transceiver, a voice processing module/voice processing algorithm, a foldable/stretchable display, a near-field communication device, a biometric sensor and an intelligent learning algorithm is disclosed. The intelligent subsystem can respond to a user's interests and/or preferences. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem is sensor-aware or context-aware.

An intelligent subsystem comprising a system-on-a-chip (that can include a microprocessor and a graphic/graphical processor), a foldable/stretchable display, radio modules/transceivers, a first set of computer implementable instructions for intelligent learning (that can include (i) artificial intelligence or an artificial neural network and (ii) fuzzy logic) and a second set of computer implementable instructions in natural language is disclosed. The intelligent subsystem can (i) respond to a user's interests and/or preferences and (ii) provide a peer-to-peer transaction. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem can be sensor-aware or context-aware.

An intelligent subsystem is disclosed that comprises a system-on-a-chip (SoC)/microprocessor, a radio transceiver and a microphone/voice processing module (which includes one or more electronic components), wherein the, intelligent subsystem is communicatively interfaced with a first set of computer implementable instructions in natural language, a second set of computer implementable instructions in artificial intelligence and a third set of computer implementable instructions to provide a search on an internet based on a user's interest/preference, wherein the first set of computer implementable instructions, the second set of computer implementable instructions and the third set of computer implementable instructions are stored in one or more cloud-based non-transitory storage media.

Disclosed is a Vernier effect DBR laser that has uniform laser injection current pumping along the length of the laser. The laser can include one or more tuning elements, separate from the laser injection element, and these tuning elements can be used to control the temperature or modal refractive index of one or more sections of the laser. The refractive indices of each diffraction grating can be directly controlled by temperature changes, electro optic effects, or other means through the one or more tuning elements. With direct control of the temperature and/or refractive indices of the diffraction gratings, the uniformly pumped Vernier effect DBR laser can be capable of a wider tuning range. Additionally, uniform pumping of the laser through a single electrode can reduce or eliminate interfacial reflections caused by, for example, gaps between metal contacts atop the laser ridge, which can minimize multi-mode operation and mode hopping.

A method for tuning an emission wavelength of a laser device, including: acquiring a drive condition of a wavelength tunable laser diode to make the wavelength tunable laser diode oscillate at a wavelength from a memory; driving a first thermo-cooler and a first heater based on the drive condition of the wavelength tunable laser diode; determining whether respective control values of the first thermo-cooler and the first heater are reached within a first range of target values; and driving a gain region after the control values have been reached within the first range.

An intelligent subsystem coupled with a system-on-chip (comprising a microprocessor/graphic processor), a radio transceiver, a voice processing module/voice processing algorithm, a foldable display, a near-field communication device, a biometric sensor and an intelligent learning algorithm is disclosed. The intelligent subsystem can respond to a user's interests and/or preferences. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem is sensor-aware or context-aware.

A laser includes a substrate, first and second claddings, a gain medium, and multiple supports. The first cladding is spaced apart from the substrate by an air gap. A thickness of the first cladding in a vertical direction is in a range from 0.05-0.15 micrometers. The gain medium is disposed on the first cladding opposite the air gap. The second cladding is disposed on the gain medium opposite the first cladding. A thickness of the second cladding in the vertical direction is in a range from 0.05-0.15 micrometers. The supports are coupled to each of the substrate, the first cladding, the gain medium, and the second cladding to retain the first cladding, the gain medium, and the second cladding spaced apart from the substrate.