An integrated circuit for a power supply circuit configured to generate an output voltage at a target level. The power supply circuit includes a transistor configured to control an inductor current flowing through an inductor. The integrated circuit includes a load detection circuit outputting a detection voltage corresponding to a power consumption of a load and corresponding to an operation mode of the power supply circuit, based on the inductor current, a driver circuit driving the transistor according to the operation mode of the power supply circuit, and a control circuit configured to control the driver circuit to switch the power supply circuit to a second mode upon the detection voltage reaching a first level with a decrease in the power consumption of the load, and to a first mode upon the detection voltage reaching a second level with an increase in the power consumption of the load.

A DC-DC converter includes a first switching network that receives the input DC voltage and outputs a first AC voltage, a transformer, and a secondary side conversion circuit that receives the second AC voltage and outputs the output DC voltage. The transformer includes a first plurality of primary windings, a second plurality of primary windings and a plurality of secondary windings. The transformer is configured to receive the first AC voltage and outputting a second AC voltage. When the input DC voltage is intended to be used in a low voltage range, the first plurality of primary windings and the second plurality of primary windings are configured to be in parallel at the time the DC-DC converter is manufactured. When the input DC voltage is intended to be used in a high voltage range the first plurality of primary windings and the second plurality of primary windings are configured to be in series at the time of manufacture.

An architecture for a multi-port AC/DC Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) with Power Factor Correction (PFC) comprises power management control (PMC) for PFC On/Off Control and Smart Power Distribution, and optionally, a boost follower circuit. For example, in a universal AC/DC multi-port USB-C Power Delivery (PD) adapter, PMC enables turn-on and turn-off of PFC dependent on output port operational status and a combined load of active output ports. A microprocessor control unit (MCU) receives operational status, a voltage sense input and a current sense input for each USB port, computes output power for each USB port, and executes a power distribution protocol to turn-on or turn-off PFC dependent on the combined load from each USB port. Available power may be distributed intelligently to one or more ports, dependent on load. In an example embodiment, turning-off PFC for low load and low AC line input increases efficiency by 3% to 5%.

Various embodiments are directed to a voltage clamp system comprising: a rectifier; a protected node, a reference node, and one or more internal nodes, coupled to the rectifier; a power converter, coupled to the rectifier via the one or more internal nodes; and one or more output nodes coupled to the power converter and configured to couple to a power sink. The rectifier and the power converter are configured to output power via one or more output nodes coupled to the rectifier, and to limit a component of the voltage between the protected node and the reference node.

A frequency-locked circuit for a variable frequency topology is configured to trigger a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller to lock a frequency of a driving signal outputted by the PWM controller. The frequency-locked circuit includes an AC wave generating circuit and a comparator. The AC wave generating circuit receives and converts the driving signal to generate an AC wave signal. The comparator is electrically connected to the AC wave generating circuit and receives the AC wave signal. The comparator compares the AC wave signal with a reference signal to generate a comparison output signal. In response to determining that the AC wave signal is greater than the reference signal, the comparison output signal triggers the PWM controller to convert the driving signal from one voltage level to another voltage level so as to lock the frequency. The one voltage level is different from the another voltage level.

A controller of a power converter is coupled to a switch assembly and configured to perform a hold-up time procedure that causes the controller to control first and second switching elements into opposite conducting states during a first period of time of a pulse cycle and into alternate opposite conducting states during a second period of time of the pulse cycle. The hold-up time procedure also causes the controller to control a first pair of synchronous rectifier switching devices into a conducting state during a third period of time overlapping less than all of the first period of time and into the conducting state during a fourth period of time overlapping less than all of the second period of time. A second pair of synchronous rectifier switching devices is controlled into a non-conducting state during the first and second periods of time.

An AC to DC conversion device has first and second AC input terminals arranged to be coupled respectively to first and second terminals of a phase of an AC current generator, an H-bridge rectification device comprising two pairs of diodes, each pair being coupled to a respective one of the AC terminals to produce a DC output comprising a rectified back EMF waveform, and a waveform generator. The waveform generator comprises an output coupled to the DC output of the H-bridge rectification device, and is configured to input a unidirectional waveform to the DC output having the same magnitude and fundamental frequency as the rectified back EMF, phase shifted by a predetermined angle relative to the rectified back EMF waveform.

Example bidirectional energy transmission apparatus and methods are described. An example of a bidirectional energy transmission apparatus includes a controller and a bidirectional energy transmission circuit. A control terminal of the controller is connected to a controlled terminal of the bidirectional energy transmission circuit. In the example, the controller is configured to control the bidirectional energy transmission circuit to be in a rectification working state, so as to convert, into a first direct current voltage, a three-phase or single-phase alternating current voltage that is input from a first port of the bidirectional energy transmission circuit, and output the first direct current voltage from a second port of the bidirectional energy transmission circuit. The controller is configured to control the bidirectional energy transmission circuit to be in an inversion working state, so as to convert, into a three-phase or single-phase alternating current voltage.

A flyback converter and forward converter is described that include an input coil, a primary switch connected in series with the input coil, and an output coil magnetically coupled to the input coil. The input coil has an input side connected to an input of the circuit and a switch side connected to the primary switch. The converter further includes an input side clamp circuit, the input side clamp circuit including an energy store and a switch arrangement controlled such that the leakage inductance energy stored, in use, in the energy store, can be discharged to the input side of the input coil.

A power stage includes a control device and a power transistor, the control device comprising a primary circuit comprising: a control module able to generate a control current, a primary circuit malfunction detector able to detect a malfunction, a pulse transformer comprising a primary winding connected to the primary circuit, comprising a secondary winding connected to the secondary circuit, magnetically coupled to the primary winding and able to generate, from the control current, an induced pulse current making it possible to drive the power transistor, a secondary circuit comprising: a power and fault detection controller able to detect a malfunction of the secondary circuit or of the power transistor, the power and fault detection controller being able to communicate the malfunction of the secondary circuit or of the power transistor to the primary circuit malfunction detector.