A unitary template, that is, a template that is made in one piece with contiguous, integral straps or cords, the ends of which can be joined together to form the completed template is disclosed. The material of which it is made may be inexpensive and accommodates a reasonable degree of flexibility in fitting patients whose heads are of different sizes and additional sizing flexibility by selectably expandable sections. The unitary template may be custom made based a few measurements of the patient's head, and then defined on a sheet of material by printing for hand cutting, by perforations for separating from the balance of the sheet or laser cutting

A wearable device configured to acquire and process electrocardiographic measurements, detect lead inversion and correct the acquired measurements for lead inversion is provided. In one example, the wearable device can detect lead inversion by first assessing whether the P-wave of a given electrocardiographic measurement has a negative amplitude, and if the P-wave is found to be negative, the device can determine if the magnitude of the R-wave is smaller than the maximum of the magnitudes of the S-wave and the Q-wave. In another example, the device can be put through an enrollment procedure in which electrocardiographic measurements are taken with the device being worn at known locations on the body. Once the enrollment procedure is completed, when the device is being used, any electrocardiographic results obtained can be compared against the measurements taken during the enrollment phase, and the location of the device on the body can be determined.

Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is a technique where electrodes are attached to the outer surface of the patient's skin at certain places on the patient's torso in order to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. The electrodes are connected by lead wires to an external device, which records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time as detected by the electrodes and produces an electrocardiogram. Proper electrode placement is essential to measure the heart's electrical activity accurately and diagnose and interpret cardiac abnormalities. However, improper positioning or placement of the electrodes, including accidental interchanging of electrodes, are common technical mistakes that negatively impact signal quality and usefulness. Accordingly, provided herein are augmented-reality systems and methods of providing real-time guidance in placing one or more electrocardiogram electrodes on a subject and verification of such placements.

An emergency cardiac and electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode placement device is disclosed herein. The emergency cardiac and electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode placement device incorporates electrical conducting materials and elastic material into a pad that is applied to a chest wall of a patient, which places multiple electrodes in the appropriate anatomic locations on the patient to quickly obtain an ECG in a pre-hospital setting.

A headset for defecting brain electrical activity may include a flexible substrate having first and second ends each configured to engage an ear of a subject and dimensioned to fit across the forehead of a subject. The headset may also include a plurality of electrodes disposed on the substrate and configured to contact the subject when the headset is positioned on the subject. First and second electrodes may contact top center and lower center regions of the forehead, respectively, third and fourth electrodes may contact front right and front left regions of the forehead, respectively, fifth and sixth electrodes may contact right side and left side regions of the forehead, respectively, and electrodes included within the securing devices may contact the ear regions. The third and fourth electrodes may be moveable in at least a vertical direction relative to the other electrodes.

A headset for detecting brain electrical activity may include a flexible substrate having first and second ends each configured to engage an ear of a subject and dimensioned to fit across the forehead of a subject. The headset may also include a plurality of electrodes disposed on the substrate and configured to contact the subject when the headset is positioned on the subject. First and second electrodes may contact top center and lower center regions of the forehead, respectively, third and fourth electrodes may contact front right and front left regions of the forehead, respectively, fifth and sixth electrodes may contact right side and left side regions of the forehead, respectively, and electrodes included within the securing devices may contact the ear regions. The third and fourth electrodes may be moveable in at least a vertical direction relative to the other electrodes.

Provided are an apparatus and method for acquiring a spectrum based on a vein pattern. The spectrum acquisition apparatus may include a spectroscope configured to emit light onto a user's skin and receive light reflected or scattered from the skin, a vein pattern recognizer configured to recognize a vein pattern of a body area at which the spectroscope is located, and a spectroscope controller configured to control the spectroscope based on a vein pattern recognition result to acquire a skin spectrum of a body area of interest.

Provided herein is an integrated wireless patch comprising a contact layer, an electronics layer, and a battery layer. The contact layer is a substrate having gel cutouts. The electronics layer can be folded into contact with the contact layer. The battery layer can be folded into contact with the electronic layer. Further provided herein is a method of manufacturing a wireless integrated patch comprising folding a substrate comprising at least one cutout, at least one contact disk in communication with a surface of a patient through the cutout, and battery terminals, wherein the at least one cutout, the at least on contact, and the battery terminals are adaptable to be located in different layers after the substrate is folded.

A flexible measuring device having an elongated member of a fixed arc length has holes at intervals along the body corresponding with the International 10-20 system of electrode placement. The fixed arc length may be of any length corresponding with pediatric and adult head sizes. There may be additional demarcations located along the fixed arc length labeled with standard American or metric units for reference. The flexible measuring device reduces inaccuracy with electrode placement for Electroencephalography (EEG) tests and experiments and can also provide an alternative, low-cost method of measurement for these offices or laboratories.

Provided herein is an integrated wireless patch comprising a contact layer, an electronics layer, and a battery layer. The contact layer is a substrate having gel cutouts. The electronics layer can be folded into contact with the contact layer. The battery layer can be folded into contact with the electronic layer. Further provided herein is a method of manufacturing a wireless integrated patch comprising folding a substrate comprising at least one cutout, at least one contact disk in communication with a surface of a patient through the cutout, and battery terminals, wherein the at least one cutout, the at least on contact, and the battery terminals are adaptable to be located in different layers after the substrate is folded.