A method and apparatus in which a data stream generated by a previous network node, a cumulative phase offset report (CPOR) and a client rate report (CRR) are received. A counter accumulating a PHY-scaled stream clock (IPSCk) is sampled at a nominal sampling period (Tps) to obtain a cumulative PHY-scaled count (CPSC). A PHY-scaled stream phase offset (PSPO) is calculated that indicates phase difference between a PHY-scaled stream nominal bit count (LPSD) and an incoming PHY-scaled count delta (IPSD), where IPSD indicates CPSC increment between successive CPSC samples. The data stream is demultiplexed to obtain CBR carrier streams that include a previous network node CPOR (CPOR-P) and a previous network node CPO (CPO-P). A CPO is calculated that is a function of CPO-P and the PSPO. CPO-P is replaced with the calculated CPO. The CBR carrier streams are multiplexed into intermediate-network-node data streams that are transmitted from the intermediate-network-node.

An internal time of a data server is compared against respective times of each of a plurality of devices of a network. The network may require tight time synchronization. The data server utilizes a plurality of high-performance oscillators to maintain the internal time. The data server analyzes the compared times to detect that a time maintained by another device of the network has drifted more than a threshold. An ameliorative action is executed in response to detecting that the time maintained by the another device has drifted more than the threshold.

The disclosure relates to a method for determining a master clock in a communication network having a plurality of stations that are communicatively connected to each other and each have a clock, wherein the master clock is used for time synchronization of the clocks of the stations, comprising the steps: determining by means of a model of the communication network, a synchronization path measure for each station to every other station of the stations, which specifies a synchronization accuracy between two stations; determining for each station on the basis of the synchronization path measure in each case a synchronization metric, which specifies a synchronization accuracy for this station; and determining on the basis of the synchronization metrics of all the stations the station whose clock is meant to be used as the master clock.

A synchronization signal is received at a user equipment from a base station. The user equipment synchronizes clocks between the user equipment and the base station using a combination of sample and sub-sample timing determined based at least in part on the synchronization signal. At a base station, the base station transmits toward a user equipment a synchronization signal. The base station synchronizes clocks between the base station and the user equipment using a combination of sample and sub-sample timing determined based on at least the synchronization signal. Methods, apparatus, software, and computer program products are disclosed.

One or more examples relate, generally to phase and frequency error processing. An apparatus includes a phase path and a frequency path. The phase path processes phase error of communications between network nodes. The phase path includes a closed-loop feedback loop controller. The frequency path processes frequency error of the communications between the network nodes. The frequency path is separate from the phase path. A method of processing phase error and frequency error includes selecting first packets for phase processing, processing the first packets for phase error, selecting second packets for frequency processing, and processing the second packets for frequency error independently of the processing of the first packets.

A slave device (10) includes a frequency synchronization unit (11) configured to generate frequency control information synchronized with a frequency of a synchronous Ethernet (registered trademark) signal received from a master device (20), a time synchronization unit (12) configured to generate time control information synchronized with a time based on a time packet received from the master device (20), and a time synchronization signal generation unit (13) configured to generate a time synchronization signal based on the frequency control information and the time control information. The frequency synchronization unit (11) includes a frequency synchronizing PLL including a DCO (11a) configured to output the frequency control information, and the time synchronization unit (12) includes a time synchronizing PLL including a DCO (12a) configured to output the time control information.

A method for transmission and low-latency real-time output and/or processing of an audio data stream that is transmitted from at least one transmitter to at least one receiver over a jittering transmission path. The method includes a calibration for determining a distribution of latencies in transmission of packets of the audio data stream, whereby a group of packets of the audio data stream is used as calibration packets and wherein a reference time grid and an offset of a fastest calibration packet are determined. Then, a shift of an output time grid for audio output and/or processing, based on the reference time grid and the determined offset of the fastest calibration packet, and the audio packets of the audio data stream are provided according to the output time grid for audio output and/or processing.

The invention relates to a method for transmitting an actuation signal and a first data signal between a control device and an actuation device of a power semiconductor device. To minimize the expenditure for the operation of the physical transmission channels and the costs for the laying of the physical connection between control device and actuation device, the transmission of the actuation signal and the first data signal between the control device and the actuation device takes place simultaneously and via a common transmission channel, wherein the first data signal is combined with the actuation signal by means of a digital modulation method or coding method. A feedback signal and second data signal are transmitted in the opposite direction. A first coding length is shorter than the interval length of the actuation signal. A second coding length is shorter than the interval length: of the feedback signal.

An on-board communication system includes an optical coupler that includes multiple optical transmission lines, and multiple on-board devices that are capable of communicating with each other with the optical coupler interposed therebetween.

The audio outputs 29 of each of a plurality of telecommunications terminals in a packet switched system are synchronized by having each terminal transmit a stream of packets whose rate, and therefore duration is determined according to a clock generator 25, and is thus indicative of the rate at which the terminal is generating its audio output. The signals from each terminal are transmitted to a common server. For each terminal, the server uses a master dock to compare the duration of the packet stream with an expected duration, and calculates an offset value which is returned to the respective terminal. Each terminal stores the offset value it receives (20) and uses it to adjust the output of its clock generator 25 so that its operations can be synchronized to the server. This allows all the terminals' digital-to-analog conversion processes to be synchronized such that all their analog outputs are coordinated, allowing co-located acoustic outputs to be synchronous. A second embodiment maintains synchronization by maintaining the volume of the data buffer 23 serving the audio output 29 within predetermined limits.