Surgical instruments are disclosed that are couplable to or have an end effector or a disposable loading unit with an end effector, and at least one micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) device operatively connected to the surgical instrument for at least one of sensing a condition, measuring a parameter and controlling the condition and/or parameter.

Systems are provided for delivering a calibrated ultraviolet radiation pulse at a treatment plane during a laser-ablation treatment of a patient's eye. Exemplary systems include an ultraviolet radiation source, and a fluorescent plate positioned to receive an initial ultraviolet radiation pulse produced by the ultraviolet radiation source. The fluorescent plate generates a visible light pulse in response to the initial ultraviolet radiation pulse. Exemplary systems further include a photon detector positioned to receive the visible light pulse for generating an electrical signal in response to the visible light pulse, and a processing module configured to determine an energy of the initial ultraviolet radiation pulse based on an amplitude and a decay time of the electrical signal, determine an energy calibration signal based on the determined energy of the initial ultraviolet radiation pulse, and provide the energy calibration signal to the ultraviolet radiation source for producing the calibrated ultraviolet radiation pulse.

A surgical instrument includes an end effector with a first jaw and a second jaw. The instrument also includes a first drive assembly, a first motor coupled to the first drive assembly, a second drive assembly, a second motor coupled to the second drive assembly, a control module, and a closure trigger. The first motor is operable to motivate the first drive assembly, and the second motor is operable to motivate the second drive assembly. The control module is operably couplable to the first motor and the second motor. The closure trigger is movable during a closure stroke to transition the end effector to the approximated configuration, and to transition the control module from operable engagement with the first motor to operable engagement with the second motor.

An end effector is disclosed. The end effector comprises a first jaw member defining an anvil; a second jaw member configured to receive a cartridge therein, wherein the first jaw member is moveable with respect to the second jaw member; a first sensor coupled to the anvil; and a second sensor configured to measure a second parameter. The first sensor is configured to measure a first parameter. The first parameter and the second parameter are related. The first sensor and the second sensor are in signal communication with a processor.

A surgical instrument is disclosed. The surgical instrument includes a first jaw and a second jaw, wherein at least one of the first jaw and the second jaw is movable relative to the other one of the first jaw and the second jaw between an open configuration and an approximated configuration. In addition the surgical instrument includes a cutting member movable during a firing stroke to cut tissue captured between the first jaw and the second jaw, the cutting member comprising a cutting surface at a distal portion thereof. In addition, the surgical instrument further includes a sensing module operable to measure a characteristic of the cutting surface.

A powered surgical instrument including an end effector, which includes jaws that are configured to transition between various closure states. The surgical instrument includes a sensor configured to measure the closure state of the jaws and a display configured to display information indicative to the detected closure state. The surgical instrument further includes a firing member movable between a first position and a second position to transition the end effector between the plurality of closure states and a motor configured to drive the firing member between the first position and the second position.

Technologies are provided for an opto-mechanical device for enabling surgeons to rapidly simulate proposed intestinal/colorectal anastomosis cut lines and assess their impact upon tissue perfusion prior to their implementation. The pre-selection process enables a surgeon to decide upon the locations of the anastomotic cut lines that are most likely to reduce ischemia, while preserving most of the intestinal tissue length. The opto-mechanical device may simulate a cut line by applying pressure to intestinal tissue and detecting a light pattern transmitted through the intestinal tissue before and after the applied pressure. A perfusion map may be generated to estimate perfusion quality around the circumference of the intestinal tissue at the site of a simulated cut line, and the perfusion map may be displayed as a two-dimensional graphic image of the proposed anastomosis site. Once the site of the best cut line is selected, the surgeon may activate a cutting blade to implement the cut.

Tissue ablation is carried out using a probe having a distal conductive cap. At least one optical fiber is contained within the probe and terminates in proximity to an outer surface of the conductive cap. The optical fiber conveys optical radiation to the tissue while the power generator is activated and receives reflected optical radiation. An optical module measures the received reflected optical radiation, and a processor linked to the optical module analyzes the reflected optical radiation to determine impending steam pop events.

The measurement system 110 comprises a light source 120 configured and arranged for emitting a light beam via a polarization modulator 130 to a target position inside the skin 160, wherein the polarization modulator 130 is configured and arranged to simultaneously provide, in use, a first and a second region in a cross-section of the light beam in the target position, the first and the second region being distinct and having a corresponding first and second direction of polarization, the first and the second polarization direction being different from each other, and the measurement system also comprises a detection unit 150 to simultaneously detect a first and a second intensity of reflected light 145, the first intensity corresponding to light reflected from the first region of the light beam in the target position 160, and the second intensity corresponding to light reflected from the second region of the light beam in the target position 160, and the measurement system further comprises a processor being coupled to the detection unit 150 for determining a difference between the first and the second intensity.

Surgical instruments are disclosed that are couplable to or have an end effector or a disposable loading unit with an end effector, and at least one micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) device operatively connected to the surgical instrument for at least one of sensing a condition, measuring a parameter and controlling the condition and/or parameter.