An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling, start position information of Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) and time interleaver information shared by the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal.

Techniques for bridging communication between multiple networks to facilitate distribution of multicast data are described herein. For example, the techniques may identify a particular node that is able to communicate with each network and instruct the particular node to act as a bridge between the networks. The particular node may forward data from either network to the other network. This may allow data for a multicast group to be distributed to members of the multicast group that are located in separate networks.

A multicast signal transmission method, according to the embodiments, may comprise the steps of: receiving Internet Protocol (IP) streams from an upper layer; compressing, at a link layer, IP headers of the IP streams; generating link control information for link layer-related multicast; encapsulating IP header-compressed Robust Header Compression (ROHC) streams; encapsulating the link control information and an IP header compression-related descriptor; and transmitting, in a physical layer, a stream including the link control information, the descriptor and the ROHC streams. A multicast signal reception method, according to the embodiments, comprises the steps of: receiving a multicast signal from a physical layer; decompressing, at a link layer, IP headers of IP streams of the multicast signal; and parsing link control information for multicast, and an IP header compression-related descriptor, wherein IP header-compressed ROHC streams may be decapsulated.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are described related to interference averaging to generate feedback information. In embodiments, an evolved Node B (eNB) may transmit an feedback management message to a user equipment (UE) that defines one or more PRB sets. The PRB sets may include at least one PRB of the channel. The UE may average interference measurements within the PRB set and may generate channel state information (CSI) feedback for the PRB set based on the average interference measurement. The UE may transmit the CSI feedback to the eNB.

A data processing apparatus has multiple caches and a controller for controlling the caches. The controller and caches communicate over a first network and a second network. The first network is used for unicast communication from the controller to a specific one of the caches. The second network is used for communication of a multicast communication from the controller to two or more of the caches.

A method, system, and data structure for sending data in a network which includes a plurality of nodes is provided. The method includes sending the data from a source node to an intermediate node. The method also includes sending the data from the intermediate node to plural destination nodes within a portion of the network. The portion is defined based on at least one physical distance from the intermediate node.

A method, system, and data structure for sending data in a network which includes a plurality of nodes is provided. The method includes sending the data from a source node to an intermediate node. The method also includes sending the data from the intermediate node to plural destination nodes within a portion of the network. The portion is defined based on at least one physical distance from the intermediate node.

The techniques disclosed herein provide a system that can control the delivery of messages to users of a communication session. When one of the participants, who is deemed as a permitted user, sends a message to a presenter, the system renders at least a portion of the private message in a region associated with the sender. Other users who are restricted users, are not permitted to send a message to the presenter while the system is in presentation mode. Permitted users can be users having identities having a domain that is common to the presenter, e.g., an internal employee, while the restricted users may have identities having a domain that is different than the identity of the presenter.

A multicast packet forwarding method, to implement multicast forwarding of an IPv6 multicast data packet on an IPv4 network, thereby saving bandwidth of the IPv4 network. The method includes: receiving an MLD multicast group join packet that is sent by an ISATAP host, encapsulated in an IPv4 unicast packet, and used for joining an IPv6 multicast group; maintaining an IPv6 multicast forwarding table according to the MLD multicast group join packet; receiving an IPv6 multicast data packet that is sent by an IPv6 network device and corresponds to the IPv6 multicast group; encapsulating, according to an IPv6-IPv4 multicast group mapping relationship, the IPv6 multicast data packet in an IPv4 multicast data packet, and sending the IPv4 multicast data packet to an IPv4 device, so that the IPv4 device forwards the IPv4 multicast data packet to the ISATAP host.

In one embodiment, a method includes receiving from a host node comprising a tenant multicast application with a single tenant deployment, an encapsulated multicast packet over unicast at a virtual replicator, the encapsulated multicast packet comprising receiver information for the virtual replicator, replicating the encapsulated multicast packet at the virtual replicator, and transmitting the encapsulated multicast packet over unicast to a plurality of receiving nodes based on the receiver information. The receiving nodes comprise the tenant multicast application and the virtual replicator operates in a cloud without multicast capability. An apparatus is also disclosed herein.