A multicast data packet processing method performed by an intermediate node of a multicast tree includes: receiving a first Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) packet including a first label; obtaining, according to the first label, a second label corresponding to a multicast tree including the intermediate node; and obtaining a second BIER packet according to the second label and the first BIER packet, and sending the second BIER packet which includes the second label.

In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by a first router, data from a network component. The method also includes determining, by the first router, a first link bandwidth capacity between the first router and a host device and determining, by the first router, a first score for the first router based on the first link bandwidth capacity. The method also includes determining, by the first router, a second link bandwidth capacity between a second router and the host device and determining, by the first router, a second score for the second router based on the second link bandwidth capacity. The method further includes comparing, by the first router, at least the first score and the second score to determine a highest score and assigning, by the first router, an edge router associated with the highest score to communicate the data to the host device.

Methods and apparatus for transmitting data is disclosed. Data to be transmitted is segmented into data packets. The segmented data packets are duplicated into multiple groups of data packets, which are then transmitted from a device at a transmitting end to a device at a receiving end using multiple transmission protocols in parallel. Each of a set of duplicated data packets is thus transmitted by one of the multiple transmission protocols. The data packet among each of set of duplicated data packets that is first received by the device at the receiving end is retained and other received data packets of the set of duplicated data packets are discarded. The disclosed methods and apparatus thus combine benefits of different transmission protocols. For example, the disclosed methods and apparatus help achieve both transmission integrity and timing.

According to certain embodiments, a system comprises one or more processors and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components of the system to perform operations. The operations comprise selecting a primary node to replicate multicast traffic and forward the multicast traffic to a plurality of receivers, selecting one or more secondary nodes to provide node-level redundancy for the primary node, and providing the one or more secondary nodes with synchronization information that enables the one or more secondary nodes to replicate the multicast traffic and forward the multicast traffic to the plurality of receivers in response to the primary node becoming unavailable. Selecting the primary node is based in software.

A method of managing inter-cell interference in a wireless communication device includes obtaining information indicating a first set of candidate subframes. Each of the candidate subframe satisfies a candidate condition that relates to transmissions in a second cell during that subframe. The method also includes identifying at least one subframe associated with downlink transmissions to the wireless communication device in a first cell and determining whether the identified subframe is included in the set of candidate subframes. If the identified subframe is included in the set of candidate subframes, the method includes receiving at least one downlink transmission during the identified subframe. If the identified subframe is not included in the set of candidate subframes, the method includes performing one or more of assuming no downlink transmission will occur in the identified subframe, deciding to not receive a downlink transmission in the identified subframe, and assuming a pre-defined result for a downlink transmission associated with the identified subframe.

Systems, devices, and methodology for removing echo and reducing congestion in multicast (broadcast) over a dynamic self-healing mobile mesh network, by use of discrete embedded computers synchronously tracking mesh connections and link quality across multiple RF connections, keeping multicast both efficient and effective in a highly kinetic, ever changing, mesh topology.

A method for sending a multicast packet provided in embodiments of this application includes: a first network device obtains a first multicast packet, where the first multicast packet includes a bit string bit string and an identifier of a network slice, the bit string corresponds to a second network device, and the network slice corresponds to a multicast service of the second network device. The first network device obtains, based on the bit string and the identifier of the network slice, a first interface corresponding to the network slice. The first network device sends the first multicast packet to the second network device by using the first interface.

In some examples, a method includes receiving, by an egress network device for a network, messages from each of a plurality of ingress network devices for the network, wherein each of the messages specifies a multicast source, a multicast group, and an upstream multicast hop weight value for multicast traffic for the multicast source and the multicast group; selecting, by the egress network device and based on the upstream multicast hop weight values specified by the received messages, one of the plurality of ingress network devices to which to send a multicast join message of a plurality of multicast join messages for the multicast source and multicast group; and sending, by the egress network device, the multicast join message to the selected one of the plurality of ingress network devices.

An implantable magnet that can freely turn in response to an external magnetic field, thus avoiding torque and demagnetization on the implantable magnet. The implantable magnet can be combined with an electric switching function depending on the orientation of an external magnetic field, thus protecting an implanted coil and/or implant electronics against induction of over-voltage or performing an electric switching function for other various purposes. The magnetic switch may further include, for example, a first switching contact and a second switching contact. A magnetically soft body that includes an electrically conductive surface is shiftable between a first position where the body is in simultaneous contact with the first and second switching contacts, and a second position where the body is out of contact with at least one of the first and second switching contacts. The body and the implantable magnet are positioned such that the body is shifted to one of the first position and the second position as a function of the external magnetic field resulting in a magnetic force between the magnet and the magnetically soft body.

A method for requesting subscription to a data stream distributed in a multicast group. The group includes sources including a server, a first client and a second client, the sources being interconnected via an electronic communications network. The multicast group is identified by an address. A stream transmitted to the multicast group address by a first source is received by a second source if the second source is already subscribed to the first source. The first client is subscribed to the server. The method includes the first client performing acts of: receiving from the server at least one management message including at least one quality parameter relating to the stream transmitted to the address of the multicast group by the second client; making a decision to subscribe to the second client, according to a criterion dependent on the at least one quality parameter received; and, in the case of a positive decision, transmitting a subscription request message to the second client.