Systems and methods for periodically refreshing the MAC-IP bindings in the database based on message exchanges made with the plurality of second network devices under a secondary protocol different than the at least one of an ARP protocol and an ND protocol.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a virtual network device. The virtual network device is configured to implement a broadband network gateway BNG function, and the virtual network device includes a load balance unit and a first forwarding unit; the load balance unit is configured to: receive a first data packet from a first user terminal, determine the first forwarding unit according to the first data packet and a first correspondence, and send the first data packet to the first forwarding unit, where the first correspondence indicates mapping from the first user terminal to the first forwarding unit; and the first forwarding unit is configured to receive and forward the first data packet. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention further disclose a method for implementing load sharing in a virtual network device.

Provided are a method and a device for forwarding a video-on-demand flow, which may be applied to a network with virtualization of network functions. In an example of the method, for a Virtual Broadband Remote Access Server (vBRAS) Service Orchestrator (vBRASSO) managing at least one vBRAS in a vBRAS resource pool in the network with virtualization of network functions, if a particular vBRAS completes user authentication, the vBRASSO determines a Point Of Presence (POP) switch for forwarding a video-on-demand flow to the user based on the user information from the vBRAS, and notifies the POP switch of a route for forwarding the video-on-demand flow to the user in such a way that the POP switch advertises the route to a core router configured to receive the video-on-demand flow from a video-playing source in the network with virtualization of network functions.

Systems and methods for periodically refreshing the MAC-IP bindings in the database based on message exchanges made with the plurality of second network devices under a secondary protocol different than the at least one of an ARP protocol and an ND protocol.

A computer-implemented system and method for managing service requests are disclosed. The system includes a service provider, having a number of server devices, that provides a service response in response to a client service request. The service response includes a service instance ID associated with a server and a connection lease. A communication processing component routes a first client service request to one of the servers. Subsequent client service requests and responses are transmitted directly between the client device and the server device associated with service instance ID included in the first service response for the duration of the connection lease.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and system for defending against cyber-attacks, and a computer storage medium. An apparatus for defending against cyber-attacks randomly generates a new keyword. The apparatus for defending against cyber-attacks transmits the new keyword to a transmitting device and a receiving device, respectively. The receiving device updates a keyword set of the receiving device to include the new keyword, acquires a keyword carried in a communication message transmitted by the transmitting device, and determines whether the communication message is a cyber-attack message according to the keyword carried and the keyword set. The receiving device discards the communication message in response to the communication message being determined to be a cyber-attack message.

Provided are a method and an apparatus for forwarding a packet. Based on an example of the method, in a case of receiving an upstream Q-in-Q protocol packet through a port connected to an access device, an Edge Stream Gateway (ESGW) device forwards the upstream Q-in-Q protocol packet to a Virtual Broadband Remote Access Server (vBRAS) device through a Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) tunnel between the ESGW device and the vBRAS device; in a case of receiving an upstream Q-in-Q data packet through a port connected to the access device, the ESGW device removes a Q-in-Q tag of the upstream Q-in-Q data packet, determines that a destination Media Access Control (MAC) address of the upstream Ethernet data packet without the Q-in-Q tag is an MAC address of the ESGW device, and performs layer-3 forwarding based on a destination IP address of the upstream Ethernet data packet.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication method, a remote device and a computer readable medium. In this method, a remote device receives from one of a plurality of core devices connected to the remote device, configuration indicating a priority of at least one of the plurality of core devices for serving as a principal core device of the remote device. The remote device updates priorities of the plurality of core devices for serving as the principal core device based on the configuration. In response to a trigger condition for a switchover being satisfied, the remote device reselects the principal core device of the remote device from the plurality of core devices based on the updated priorities. Embodiments of the present disclosure improve the process that a remote device reselects a principal core device.

This application discloses a method and an apparatus for accessing a gateway, and pertains to the field of communications technologies. A service level agreement (SLA) level may be obtained based on user information of a terminal, and further a user plane (UP) device corresponding to the terminal is determined based on the SLA level of the terminal. Thus, terminals with different SLA levels may be allocated to different UP devices for bearing, so that a specific terminal may access a specified UP device. This resolves a problem in a related technology that a terminal relatively randomly accesses a UP device. In addition, because an SLA level may be used to indicate a level of quality of service of a terminal, after terminals with different SLA levels access different UP devices, differentiated services may be provided on the different UP devices. Therefore, user requirements are met, and revenues are increased.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user may select a cable modem (CM) at a graphical user interface (GUI) of a network device for testing. The network device may receive the indication of a selected query from GUI and transmit the selected query to the CM. The network device may receive a response message from the CM and compare the response message to an expected response message. The network device may generate a report indicating a status of the CM based on the comparing. The status of the CM may relate to a compliance of the CM to a standard. Additionally or alternatively, the status of the CM may indicate a performance level of the CM.