A BRAS system-based packet encapsulation method includes obtaining user access information when receiving a user access protocol packet and performing VXLAN GPE encapsulation on the user access protocol packet based on the user access information. The encapsulation structure includes a user information header that is used to store the user access information, and a quantity of bytes occupied by the user information header is less than or equal to 12. In this application, the foregoing encapsulation structure is used to encapsulate a packet.

A server may receive an authentication packet from a Forwarder via a data channel. Where, the server enables a BRAS control plane function and the Forwarder enables a BRAS forwarding plane function. The server authenticates the authentication packet. When the authentication is successful, a session entry for instructing the Forwarder to forward a data packet is created, and the session entry and an identity of the data channel are transmitted to the Forwarder through a protocol connection paired with the data channel.

In one embodiment, change handling in mobile client applications may be facilitated by intermediate storage of changes using a data-provider-agnostic change object schema. An input on a mobile device that indicates a create, update, or delete action on a data object stored in a remote datastore is received. In response to receiving the input, a description of the action on the data object in a syntax that is agnostic as to type of remote service provider used for interacting with the remote datastore is created. The description of the action to a syntax of the first remote service provider is converted to compose a command configured to cause a first remote service provider to execute the action. The command is transmitted over a network to the first remote service provider to cause the action to be performed on the data object in the remote datastore.

Embodiments disclosed herein provide a hybrid fiber-copper access network in which a main OLT sends data to the DSLAMs via a plurality of point-to-point optical fiber connections. A standby OLT is provided which has a plurality of point-to-multi-point optical fiber connections to the DSLAMs. In the event of a failure, data can be sent to some of the DSLAMs via the standby OLT and the point-to-multi-point optical fiber connections. Following the rectification of the fault, the network can revert to its normal state and transmit data to the DSLAMs via the main OLT and the plurality of point-to-point optical fiber connections.

Provided are a method and a device for forwarding a video-on-demand flow, which may be applied to a network with virtualization of network functions. In an example of the method, for a Virtual Broadband Remote Access Server (vBRAS) Service Orchestrator (vBRASSO) managing at least one vBRAS in a vBRAS resource pool in the network with virtualization of network functions, if a particular vBRAS completes user authentication, the vBRASSO determines a Point Of Presence (POP) switch for forwarding a video-on-demand flow to the user based on the user information from the vBRAS, and notifies the POP switch of a route for forwarding the video-on-demand flow to the user in such a way that the POP switch advertises the route to a core router configured to receive the video-on-demand flow from a video-playing source in the network with virtualization of network functions.

A BRAS system-based packet encapsulation method includes: obtaining user access information when receiving a user access protocol packet, performing VXLAN GPE encapsulation on the user access protocol packet based on the user access information, the encapsulation structure includes a user information header that is used to store the user access information, a quantity of bytes occupied by the user information header is less than or equal to 12. In this application, the foregoing encapsulation structure is used to encapsulate a packet.

A method of, a customer-premises equipment for, and a hybrid access gateway server for, enabling a hybrid access gateway server to identity an access type of traffic originating from a customer-premises equipment, CPE, wherein said hybrid access gateway server is arranged to control access to a service network, and wherein said CPE comprises at least two Wide Area Network, WAN, interfaces.

A packet forwarding method, a device, and a system, where a first provider edge (PE) device separately sends request packets to a second PE device and a third PE device. The second PE device receives the two request packets separately using a primary pseudo wire (PW) and using a secondary PW, the third PE device, and a bypass PW, switches preferential forwarding statuses relative to the primary PW and the bypass PW to a balance state, and then, notifies the first PE device and the third PE device using a response packet. The first PE device switches preferential forwarding statuses relative to the primary PW and the secondary PW to the balance state based on the response packet. The third PE device switches a preferential forwarding status relative to the bypass PW to the balance state based on the response packet.

A control device can be used to control a base station, a switch, and a gateway leading to an external network. The device may communicate with a connection server connecting to a cloud computer system and with virtual functions of a control plane of the core network as instantiated in the computer system. The device may manage a database identifying for at least one terminal at least one of the virtual functions allocated to that terminal and a database associating at least one of the virtual functions with an identifier and a state of that function, and update the databases on the basis of information received from the connection server and/or from the virtual functions. The device may use one and/or the other of the databases in order to set up and/or maintain a user plane for a terminal between the base station, the switch, and the interconnection gateway.

A first VXLAN tunnel is established between a gateway device and an aggregation switch which corresponds to a BRAS group including several BRAS network elements. A second VXLAN tunnel is established between the gateway device and each of the BRAS network elements. In an example, when receiving a first VXLAN packet from the aggregation switch through the first VXLAN tunnel, the gateway device may acquire a first user packet by de-encapsulating the first packet and forward an encapsulated first user packet to the BRAS network element through the second VXLAN tunnel by VXLAN encapsulating the first user packet. In turn, the gateway device may receive a second VXLAN packet from the BRAS network element through the second VXLAN tunnel and forward a corresponding encapsulated second user packet to the aggregation switch through the first VXLAN tunnel.