Systems and methods are disclosed for providing redundancy in a network node implementing a ring protection protocol. Each of the two ring ports connecting the node to other nodes in a ring supporting the protocol may be maintained by a separate line card. Should one line card fail, traffic passing through the node may be redirected through the remaining ring port under the control of the surviving state machine. The two state machines may be coordinated over the backplane of the node to maintain a common state, making them transparent to other nodes. Additionally, the backplane link between the state machines may be monitored for failures that may be addressed with messages used to respond to general ring failures and by assigning one state machine to block a ring port upon recovery to prevent a loop within the ring until the ring protection link can be blocked.

Multiple safety related participants are arranged along a bus line in such a way that both a forward test signal path and a return test signal path run through the same safety related participants and the safety related participants are adapted in such a way that the occurrence of a non-secure state of their protective device brings about an interruption of the test signal path. A termination element connects the forward test signal path to the return test signal path. The safety unit is configured to transmit an output signal at its output and the termination element is configured to receive the output signal from the forward test signal path and to output a test signal to the return test signal path. The test signal is changed with respect to the received output signal in dependence on the received output signal.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods directed to improving the functions of a vehicle. Systems and methods are provided that provide a custom tool that autogenerates a set of software agents that allows a system to separate processing, transmission and receiving of messages to achieve better synchronization. The disclosure herein also provides a simplified method of key provisioning by designating one client as a server and assigning a symmetric key to every other client permanently provisioned between that client and the server. Systems and method are further provided that predict faults in a vehicle. Systems and methods are also provided that preserve data in the event of a system crash. Systems and methods are also provided in which an operating system of a vehicle detects the presence of a new peripheral and pulls the related interface file for that new peripheral. Further, a data synchronization solution is provided herein which provides optimized levels of synchronization.

A redundancy device which is configured to communicate with a redundancy opposite device and perform a redundancy execution, the redundancy device includes receivers configured to receive individually HB signals transmitted from the redundancy opposite device, a calculator configured to calculate a number of normal communication paths among communication paths of the HB signals based on a reception result of the receivers, a comparator configured to compare a calculation result of the calculator with a predetermined threshold value, and a changer configured to change the redundancy device from a standby state to an operating state, or change the redundancy device from the standby state to a not-standby state in which the redundancy execution is released, based on the calculation result of the calculator and a comparison result of the comparator.

An example embodiment includes a plurality of flight modules including a primary flight module and a secondary flight module. The embodiment includes a CAN controller, a second CAN controller, a first CAN bus configured to transmit primary control signals from the first CAN controller to the primary flight module and to the secondary flight module, and a second CAN bus configured to transmit secondary control signals from the second CAN controller to the primary flight module and the secondary flight module. The primary flight module is configured to perform functions responsive to receiving the primary control signals, and not in response to receiving the secondary control signals and the secondary flight module is configured to perform functions responsive to receiving the secondary control signals, and not in response to receiving the primary control signals.

An apparatus for providing a redundant communication within a vehicle architecture is disclosed. The vehicle architecture includes a plurality of commanded units, each being configured to be controlled by redundant communication lines. The apparatus includes at least a first control unit and a second control unit, which are connected by an interlink communication line and which are each configured to: communicate with the commanded units through one of the redundant communications lines; and communicate with each other through the communication lines by controlling at least one of the plurality of commanded units to act as a gateway unit and to forward information between the redundant communication lines.

The present disclosure relates to multi-MAC controller and single PHY systems and methods. An example method may include transmitting, via a first device in a Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) network, a first block of data within a first time slot and at a first power level, the first power level being based on an attenuation of a first network tap device associated with the first device. The example method may also include transmitting, via a second device in the DOCSIS network, a second block of data within the first time slot and at a second power level, the second power level being based on an attenuation of a second network tap device associated with the second device, the first power level being different than the second power level.

Methods of synchronizing sequence numbers of a number of devices of a network are disclosed. A method may include incrementing, at each of a first device and a second device of a network, a sequence number, wherein the sequence number is indicative of a number of frames generated at the associated device since the timing event. The method may also include inserting, at each of the first device and the second device, the sequence number into an associated frame. Related networks and devices are also disclosed.

Various embodiments relate to wired local area networks. A method may include detecting, at a node in a wired local area network, at least one event. A physical layer device of the network node is configured to implement a physical level collision avoidance (PLCA) sublayer. The at least one event may include at least one of an amount of data stored in a first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer of the node being at least a threshold amount, and a received packet being a precision time protocol (PTP) packet incurring variable delay. The method may further include emulating a collision at the node in response to the at least one detected event.

An abnormality in an on-vehicle network is accurately detected through a simple process. A detection device is configured to detect an abnormality in an on-vehicle network including a plurality of on-vehicle devices, and includes: a monitoring unit configured to monitor transmission messages in the on-vehicle network, and acquire a communication load in the on-vehicle network; an acquisition unit configured to acquire a history of a communication load in an on-vehicle network to which the detection device belongs, or another on-vehicle network; and a detection unit configured to detect an abnormality in the on-vehicle network, based on the history acquired by the acquisition unit and on the communication load acquired by the monitoring unit at a first timing after the history.