An embodiment provides a constant bit rate (CBR) service bitstream processing method. In that embodiment, the CBR service bitstream is received; a code block stream is obtained based on the service bitstream. An encoding type of the code block stream is M bit/N bit encoding, M is a positive integer, N is an integer not less than M, the code block stream includes a first-type code block and a second-type code block, the first-type code block includes M service bits, the second-type code block includes L service bits, and L is an integer less than M and not less than 0. The ode block stream is sent. A quantity of service bits carried in the second-type code block may be flexibly adjusted.

A method of data processing is applied to a communications device including a first sublayer. A physical sublayer is added above a physical coding sublayer (PCS) of a physical layer, and the physical sublayer is connected to media independent interfaces (xMlls) with different Ethernet rates. Data signals from different media access control clients (MAC) are interleaved using the physical sublayer. Then, a tx_cmd command is used to instruct the PCS to correspondingly encode an xMII signal. Finally, an encoded xMII signal is sent through a port. According to this method, an encoding function of the PCS may continue to be used, to decouple interleaving from encoding and perform the interleaving through an xMII interface. In this case, port channelization can be implemented for ports with multiple rates, and transmission of a high-priority service is ensured when there is an excessively large quantity of service flows in a transmission process.

A spinal construct includes a first member having a first thread form and an implant cavity configured for disposal of the spinal implant. A second member is engageable with a spinal implant and includes a second thread form configured for engagement with the first thread form. A gauge is coupled to the second member. The gauge is configured to measure a force between the second member and the spinal implant when the second member is engaged with the first member. The second thread form is timed with the first thread form to position the gauge in a selected orientation relative to the spinal implant. Systems and methods are disclosed.

It is desirable to provide a technology capable of supporting reverse connection in which the front and back of a connector are reversed while expansion of circuit scale is suppressed. A reception control device is provided including a polarity detection unit that detects, as a polarity determination result signal, at least one of a polarity of a first reception signal received by a first reception unit or a polarity of a polarity inversion result of a second reception signal received by a second reception unit and a reception control unit that controls output destinations of a third reception signal received after the first reception signal by the first reception unit and a fourth reception signal received after the second reception signal by the second reception unit, on the basis of the polarity determination result signal.

A baseband processing unit includes a baseband processor configured to receive a plurality of component carriers of a radio access technology wireless service, and a delta-sigma digitization interface configured to digitize at least one carrier signal of the plurality of component carriers into a digitized bit stream, for transport over a transport medium, by (i) oversampling the at least one carrier signal, (ii) quantizing the oversampled carrier signal into the digitized bit stream using two or fewer quantization bits.

A circuit includes at least three equally weighted drivers; a state variable generator; and an element selector. The latter is coupled to the drivers, has a first input from the generator, has a second input including a plurality of input thermometer-encoded data streams, and has an output of an equal number of thermometer-encoded output data streams supplied to the drivers. The element selector maps the second input to the output dynamically based on a value of the first input from the state variable generator, with an update rate that is no more than one half of a symbol-rate. A serializer is configured to provide serialized data at the symbol rate, with output coupled to one of the second input of the element selector and input of the drivers. The drivers have outputs that are combined to produce an output of the circuit at the symbol rate.

Various examples are directed to a rotary coupler and methods of use thereof. The rotary data coupler may comprise a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter may comprise a first band and a second transmitter band. The receiver may comprise a receiver housing positioned to rotate relative to the first transmitter band and the second transmitter band. A first receiver band may be positioned opposite the first transmitter band to form a first capacitor and a second receiver band may be positioned opposite the second transmitter band to form a second capacitor. The receiver may also comprise a resistance electrically coupled between the first receiver band and the second receiver band and a differential amplifier. The differential amplifier may comprise an inverting input and a non-inverting input, with the non-inverting input electrically coupled to the first receiver band and the inverting input electrically coupled to the second receiver band.

To obtain a communication apparatus capable of reducing the consumption of electric power. A communication system according to the present disclosure includes a transmitter that generates a first signal including communication data and sends the first signal through a communication terminal in a first operation mode, and that generates a second signal including a predetermined first signal pattern and having a transition rate lower than the first signal and sends the second signal through the communication terminal in a second operation mode, and a controller that sets an operation mode for the transmitter to either of a plurality of operation modes including the first operation mode and the second operation mode.

The signal transmission device converts a K-bit original signal into an N-bit (N is greater than K) transmission signal in which the number of a logic high bit is identical to the number of a logic low bit, according to a lookup table in which a plurality of K-bit original signals are associated with a plurality of N-bit transmission signals by 1:1 correspondence, and transmit the N-bit transmission signal via N signal lines such that each line carries one bit, thereby minimizing the noise affecting the K-bit original signal.

This application relates to an encoding method and device, a decoding method and device, and a signal transmission system. The encoding method includes: encoding 8-bit data corresponding to a to-be-encoded byte of to-be-transmitted data into 9-bit data, the to-be-transmitted data comprising at least one to-be-encoded byte; detecting the first digit of data of the 9-bit data and a previous digit of data adjacent to the first digit of data, when the to-be-encoded byte is not the first byte of the to-be-transmitted data; inverting the 9-bit data and then adding a tenth digit of data for indicating that the inverted 9-bit data has undergone an inversion operation behind the inverted 9-bit data to obtain 10-bit data, when the numerical value of the first digit of data is the same as that of the previous digit of data; and adding a tenth digit of data for indicating that the 9-bit data has not undergone an inversion operation behind the 9-bit data to obtain 10-bit data, when the numerical value of the first digit of data is different from that of the previous digit of data.