The apparatus may be a base station. The apparatus processes a plurality of synchronization signals by performing time-division multiplexing (TDM) of at least one of a plurality of first synchronization signals of different types and at least one of the plurality of second synchronization signals of different types, the plurality of synchronization signals including the plurality of first synchronization signals and the plurality of second synchronization signals. The apparatus transmits the processed synchronization signals to a user equipment (UE).

The apparatus may be a base station. The apparatus processes a first group of synchronization signals. The apparatus processes a second group of synchronization signals. The apparatus performs a first transmission by transmitting the processed first group of the synchronization signals in a first synchronization subframe. The apparatus performs a second transmission by transmitting the processed second group of the synchronization signals in a second synchronization subframe.

The apparatus may be a base station. The apparatus sets a first numerology for at least one synchronization signal of one or more synchronization signals to be different from a second numerology for at least one data signal of one or more data signals. The apparatus transmits the one or more synchronization signals to a user equipment (UE) based on the first numerology. The apparatus transmits the one or more data signals to the UE based on the second numerology.

A base station may sense, on a cell using unlicensed spectrum, that the unlicensed spectrum is available for transmission. The base station may transmit, after sensing that the unlicensed spectrum is available, consecutive subframes. Each subframe may include a physical downlink control channel and a physical downlink shared channel.

The Direct Synthesis of a Receiver Clock (DSRC) contributes a method, system and apparatus for reliable and inexpensive synthesis of inherently stable local clock synchronized to a referencing signal received from an external source. Such local clock can be synchronized to a referencing frame or a data signal received from wireless or wired communication link and can be utilized for synchronizing local data transmitter or data receiver. Such DSRC can be particularly useful in OFDM systems such as LTE/WiMAX/WiFI or Powerline/ADSL/VDSL, since it can secure lower power consumption, better noise immunity and much more reliable and faster receiver tuning than those enabled by conventional solutions.

A processor-implemented method includes receiving a signal representing a first encoded data and calculating an estimated timing offset and/or an estimated frequency offset associated with the signal. A correction of at least one of a timing offset or a frequency offset of the signal is performed based on the estimated timing offset and/or the estimated frequency offset, to produce a modified signal. An effective channel is subsequently detected based on the signal or the modified signal. A second encoded data is generated based on the modified signal, a known vector, at least one left singular vector of the effective channel, and at least one right singular vector of the effective channel. A signal representing the second encoded data is transmitted to a communication device for identification of contents of a message at a different processor.

A communication unit receiver comprising: a multi-section analogue to digital converter, ADC, configured to receive an analogue signal and convert at least a first portion of the analogue signal into a digital signal using a first ADC dynamic range. A modem, coupled to the multi-section ADC, is configured to: process the digital signal; determine a signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, for sub-carriers of the analogue signal; and output an ADC selection signal to the multi-section ADC that selects a subset of sections of the multi-section ADC, where the selection signal is based at least partly on the determined SNR. Only the subset of sections of the multi-section analogue to digital converter, ADC is configured to convert a second portion of the analogue signal into a digital signal using a second ADC dynamic range that is less than the first dynamic range.

A method of transmitting a synchronization signal block, which is transmitted by a base station in a wireless communication system, is disclosed in the present invention. The method includes the steps of mapping a synchronization signal block including a PSS (primary synchronization signal), an SSS (secondary synchronization signal), and a PBCH (physical broadcasting channel) to a plurality of symbols, and transmitting the synchronization signal block mapped to a plurality of the symbols to a user equipment. In this case, in a symbol mapped the PSS, in a symbol mapped the SSS, and in a symbol mapped the PBCH, centers of subcarriers to which the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH are mapped are the same and the number of subcarriers to which the PBCH is mapped is greater than the number of subcarriers to which the PSS and the SSS are mapped.

An IS-OFDM system for point-to-point wireless communications that suppresses narrow-band interference comprises an IS-OFDM transmitter and an IS-OFDM receiver, wherein a transmitted signal comprises a plurality of subcarriers, and further wherein each subcarrier contains more than one and potentially all symbols transmitted in a given frame. The IS-OFDM transmitted signal is at a data rate that is equal to the data rate of the input data stream via the use of P/S converters.

The present specification provides a method, performed by a device, for transmitting information about a pencil beam timing offset in a wireless optical communication system, in which a reference synchronization time is obtained, wherein the reference synchronization time is obtained on the basis of a cell-reference synchronization signal (C-RSS) received from another device, a peak energy time is obtained, the pencil beam timing offset is obtained on the basis of the reference synchronization time and the peak energy time, and information about the pencil beam timing offset is transmitted to the other device.