A management system includes an image forming apparatus and a management server. The management server manages the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus is configured to switch a constant connection with the management server by a protocol for the constant connection between enabling and disabling. The management server is configured to operate the image forming apparatus via the constant connection.

A management system includes an image forming apparatus and a management server. The management server manages the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus is configured to switch a constant connection with the management server by a protocol for the constant connection between enabling and disabling. The management server is configured to operate the image forming apparatus via the constant connection.

A control apparatus includes a processor configured to: execute a first control if printing time is equal to or greater than predetermined reference time, the printing time being for a case of using a printer to print on basis of print instruction received from user terminal, the first control causing the printer to start printing before user reaches the printer, and causing printed material to be delivered into a locked delivery unit that requires a key for retrieval of printed material; and execute a second control if printing time is less than reference time, the second control causing the printer to start printing after the user reaches the printer, without involving an operation of giving a print instruction performed by the user on the printer, and causing the printed material to be delivered into a normal delivery unit that does not require a key for retrieval of the printed material.