An image forming apparatus includes: a scanner to read each of a first output product serving as a model and a second output product output from the image forming apparatus; a memory that stores a color conversion lookup table to be used when color conversion is performed from a RGB color system into a CMYK color system; and circuitry to correct the color conversion lookup table based on a number of pixels and an amount of change per hue, using read information on the first output product, and re-correct the corrected color conversion lookup table, using read information on the second output product.

A determination is made on whether or not a recording medium is held in a state where calibration is executable, and the execution is pending in a case where the recording medium is not held. When the execution is pending, the determination is made again after a predetermined period elapses, and the calibration is executed in a case where the recording medium is held.

A multifunction peripheral includes a conveyance roller, a print engine, a scanner, and a controller. The controller is configured to perform: driving the conveyance roller to convey a recording medium and controlling the print engine to record, on the recording medium, a test image based on test image data with recording agent; after recording the test image, controlling the scanner to generate scan data of the test image recorded on the recording medium; after generating the scan data, extracting, based on the scan data and the test image data, stain data indicative of a stain caused by transfer of the recording agent from the conveyance roller to the recording medium; after extracting the stain data, generating correction data by removing the stain data from the scan data; and executing particular processing by using the correction data.

In response to reception of instructions to print a color sample from a user, first, a printing unit is caused to perform calibration. Then, after the calibration is completed in the printing unit, control is performed so that print data is generated by execution of predetermined image processing for image data representing the color sample and printing processing of the print data is performed in the printing unit.

An image processing apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a reference image serving as a reference printing result and a target image serving as a printing result to be inspected, a correction unit configured to correct the target image based on a paper white area of each of the reference image and the target image so that a paper white color of the paper white area of the target image matches a paper white color of the paper white area of the reference image, wherein the paper white area is determined based on a positional displacement between the reference image and the target image, and an inspection unit configured to inspect the printing result by comparing the corrected target image with the reference image.

Examples of a method and a system measure colorimetric data of a set of color samples deposited on a reference substrate and on at least one further substrate having distinct colors from one another. Based on the measured colorimetric data, estimate functions are applied for mapping between the colorimetric data of the color samples deposited on differently colored substrates.

An image processing apparatus according to the present invention includes an image forming unit configured to form an image, a measuring unit configured to measure the formed image, a control unit configured to control execution of a single-color calibration to be performed to correct reproduction characteristics of a single-color formed by the image forming unit based on a measuring result of a single-color image formed with a single-color recording agent and execution of a multi-color calibration to be performed to correct reproduction characteristics of a multi-color image formed by the image forming unit based on a measuring result of a multi-color formed with a plurality of recording agents, and a selection unit configured to select whether to cause the control unit to perform the multi-color calibration after completing the single-color calibration or cause the control unit to perform any one of the single-color calibration and the multi-color calibration.

A system and method are provided which enable a print media color to be used, as a replacement for a mixture of one or more colorants, in rendering portions of a print job. One or more multidimensional look-up tables are provided. Each table provides for an identified input color, in a device-independent space, to be equated to no colorant, when printed on the respective print media. The identified input color is one of a set of input colors, which, when printed and measured, has an output color that is closest to a measured color of the print media.

Provided is an information processing apparatus including an acquisition unit that acquires a second image obtained by photographing a color sample by a second camera device and by developing, and an estimation unit that estimates a second 3D-LUT for reproducing, by the first camera device, a color of the color sample in the second image by inputting the second image to a model that has learned a first image obtained by photographing the color sample under a standard light source by a first camera device and by developing as input data and a first 3D lookup table (3D-LUT) used for developing the first image as correct answer data. As a result, the 3D-LUT can be generated more easily.

An image forming apparatus includes a memory and circuitry. The memory stores a colorimetric value of a gradation correction chart and environmental information each time of acquisition of the colorimetric value. The circuitry predicts an output characteristic of an image formed by the image forming apparatus based on the colorimetric value associated with particular environmental information among the environmental information stored in the memory, the particular environmental information being within a predetermined range with reference to current environmental information, when the image forming apparatus is to output the gradation correction chart. The circuitry adjusts the output characteristic of the image in a case that the predicted output characteristic is lower than a target output characteristic. The circuitry corrects a gradation correction table based on the colorimetric value of the gradation correction chart and the target output characteristic.