Techniques are described herein to dynamically control a number of hybrid automatic repeat requests (HARQ) transmissions based at least in part on flow characteristics of a data flow. Data included in a transport block may be grouped into one or more data flows based on a variety of factors. A set of performance benchmarks may be associated with each data flow. Flow characteristics for each data flow may be measured. A network entity may determine a number of HARQ transmissions to be transmitted during a HARQ procedure based on measured flow characteristics satisfying the performance benchmarks. For example, if a performance benchmark is not satisfied by its associated flow characteristic, the network entity may request additional HARQ transmissions during the HARQ procedure.

Techniques are described herein to dynamically control a number of hybrid automatic repeat requests (HARQ) transmissions based at least in part on flow characteristics of a data flow. Data included in a transport block may be grouped into one or more data flows based on a variety of factors. A set of performance benchmarks may be associated with each data flow. Flow characteristics for each data flow may be measured. A network entity may determine a number of HARQ transmissions to be transmitted during a HARQ procedure based on measured flow characteristics satisfying the performance benchmarks. For example, if a performance benchmark is not satisfied by its associated flow characteristic, the network entity may request additional HARQ transmissions during the HARQ procedure.

Interleaving multiple streams of data using a universal services multiplexer is followed by conveying a time interleaved multiplexer stream to a remote QAM module. A universal services multiplexer interleaves multiple streams of data into a time interleaved multiplexer stream.

Interleaving multiple streams of data using a universal services multiplexer is followed by conveying a time interleaved multiplexer stream to a remote QAM module. A universal services multiplexer interleaves multiple streams of data into a time interleaved multiplexer stream.

Disclosed are a signal receiving apparatus based on FTN and a signal decoding method thereof, and the apparatus includes: an equalizer calculating, when a signal sampled by Fast to Nyquist (FTN) is received on a communication channel, a posterior probability of information bits and calculating a log likelihood ratio by using the calculated posterior probability; a deinterleaver deinterleaving bit data output from the equalizer; a decoder correcting of signal interference of the data bits deinterleaved by the deinterleaver by using the LLR and decoding the corrected signal interference; and an interleaver interleaving data output from the decoder to provide the interleaved data to the equalizer.

An image processing apparatus and an operating method thereof are provided. The image processing apparatus includes: a line interleaving controller configured to generate output data based on line data received from channels respectively connected to image sensors; and an image signal processor configured to process the output data. The line interleaving controller includes: data packing circuits respectively corresponding to the channels and configured to generate packing data by packing the line data to a preset data size; a memory configured to store the packing data in a region indicated by an index assigned to a corresponding channel; a write controller configured to control a write operation of the memory; a line index controller configured to manage indexes respectively corresponding to the channels; a read controller configured to control a read operation of the memory; and an unpacking circuit configured to unpack read data output from the read controller.