There is provided mechanisms for handling secondary RAT data usage for a UE. A method is performed by a mobility node. The method comprises obtaining, from a network node, an indication of data usage for the UE using the secondary RAT. The method comprises forwarding the indication towards a policy node. The method comprises obtaining a policy decision originating from the policy node. The policy decision is based on the indication of data usage. The method comprises performing an action based on the policy decision.

A cellular system having both 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) and 5.sup.th-Generation (5G) cellular networks may be configured to use Non-Standalone (NSA) dual connectivity, in which wireless data transmissions may be made using either 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) or 5G New Radio (NR) radio access networks. Data packets submitted for wireless transmission are associated with one or more packet tags, such as an application identifier and a customer identifier. A radio protocol stack receives the data packets and associated packet tags and determines for each data packet, based on the associated packet tags, whether to transmit the packet using the LTE radio access network or the NR radio access network. This determination may be based in part on a routing policy that has been created and/or provided by a cellular services provider.

The apparatus of wireless communication may include a transmitter connected to a receiver through a split carrier including a first carrier and a second carrier, and the transmitter may be configured to schedule transmission data at PDCP level by splitting the transmission data to first packets and second packets based on a relative scheduling delay between the first carrier and the second carrier, and scheduling the first packets and the second packets on different links based on a scheduling proportion, and transmit the first packets via the first carrier and the second packets via the second carrier. The transmitter may sequentially transmit the transmission data starting at an offset as the second packets to a second RLC level associated with the second carrier, wherein the offset is determined based on the relative scheduling delay.

The disclosure provides a packet offloading method, a mobile terminal, and a storage medium, the method comprising: detecting the link quality of a first Wi-Fi data link, detecting the link quality of a second Wi-Fi data link, and detecting the link quality of a mobile data link; based on the link quality of the first Wi-Fi data link, the link quality of the second Wi-Fi data link, and the link quality of the mobile data link, determining a packet allocation ratio between the first Wi-Fi data link, the second Wi-Fi data link, and the mobile data link; and transmitting packets to be transmitted over the first Wi-Fi data link, the second Wi-Fi data link, and the mobile data link according to the packet allocation ratio.

Disclosed herein is a method for implementing conditional packet forwarding control rules, performed by User Plane Function (UPF). The method comprises: receiving, from a Control Plane Function (CPF) a packet forwarding control rule comprising one or more rule enforcement conditions; and applying the packet forwarding control rule according to the rule enforcement condition(s).

Systems and methods for balancing load in an area of a wireless network comprising first nodes operating according to a first Radio Access Technology and at least one second node operating according to a second Radio Access Technology. The method comprises establishing a connection between a user device and a first node; receiving an indication of an entry threshold for establishing a connection between the user device and a second node during a current time period, wherein the entry threshold is determined in dependence on an expected usage requirement for the area of the wireless network during the current time period; determining, by the user device, whether a parameter of a signal received from the second node exceeds the entry threshold; and responsive to determining that the parameter of the signal received from the second node exceeds the entry threshold, establishing, by the first node, a dual connectivity session between the user device and both the first and the second nodes.

A method for domain name resolution includes: requesting, by an access device, via a resolving request, an IP address based on a present domain name or a domain name based on a present IP address, wherein the access device is configured to have multipath access to a data network via at least two access paths; generating, by the access device, an initial domain name query based on the resolving request; duplicating, by the access device, the initial domain name query into at least two multiplied domain name queries; sending, by the access device, each of the at least two multiplied domain name queries to a respective name server; and receiving, by the access device, a domain name response comprising the requested IP address or the requested domain name from each respective name server.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Some wireless communications system may utilize an inter-system information report message (e.g., a self-organizing network (SON) information report message) to support inter-system mobility load balancing (MLB). For example, a first node, operating in accordance with a first radio access technology (RAT), may receive an information report message from a second node operating in accordance with a second RAT. The information report message may include a periodic load reporting request information element (IE) or an event-triggered load reporting request IE. In response, the first node may determine a traffic load based on the load reporting request and transmit, to the second node, an information report message which includes one or more IEs for reporting the determined traffic load. The exchange of the load information via the IEs may enable for MLB between nodes of different RAT.

Methods executed by a processor element for providing data packets from a modem to an application processor in a computing device are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may reorder packets received by the modem from a plurality of parallel flows so as to provide to the application processor batches of packets from individual flows within the plurality of parallel flows.

A solar-powered device (SPD) node operates as an access point for leaf nodes. The SPD node load balances network traffic received from leaf nodes across different backhaul networks. The SPD node determines a specific backhaul network across which to route the network traffic based on several different factors associated with the SPD node. Those factors include a current battery level, a current solar generation rate, and a current communication link status. The SPD access point also determines the specific backhaul network across which to route the network traffic based on characteristics of the different backhaul networks, including a network latency, among other characteristics.