An apparatus and system to enable MNO policy-driven AI decisions and frame structure are described. An AI SAP receives modified context information within a network and determines a response to network events based on MNO policies. The AI SAP includes a context-aware management entity that tracks and updates the context information, a cognition framework entity that processes new data, applies inferences and compares results of the inferences to available knowledge, a situational awareness entity that determines effects of events within the system on objectives based on the MNO policies, and a policy management entity that provides behavioral rules on the system based on the MNO policies. The AI SAP provides QoS modifications based on positional and movement information of a UE by determining timing indicating when the UE is to be within the AP range and adjusting AP activation and synchronization signaling for the UE based on the timing.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media herein dynamically adjust the policies used within a core network. These policies are determine based on the identification of a user device being a reduced capability device and the data requirements for that device. A correlation between the type of reduced capability device and the data requirements is used to derive data-drive insights using a near-real time RAN intelligence controller. The data used to determine these insights and policies are based near-real time sources.

Various arrangements for performing navigation based on characteristics of a cellular network are provided. A quality of experience (QoE) level required for a wireless service to be performed for a networked device may be determined. A current location and a destination for a vehicle may be determined. A wireless network slice coverage area map may be accessed that maps network performance characteristics for the cellular network across a geographic region. A navigation route from the current location to the destination based on the wireless network slice coverage area map and the determined QoE may be determined. The determined navigational route may be output to a navigation system.

This application provides a service traffic steering method and an apparatus, to improve user experience. The method includes: A first network device determines at least one second terminal device, where first quality of experience corresponding to a first service flow of the second terminal device does not meet target quality of experience corresponding to the first service flow of the second terminal device. The first network device determines a target radio access network device, where the target radio access network device meets the target quality of experience corresponding to the first service flow of the at least one second terminal device. The first network device connects the first service flow of the at least one second terminal device to the target radio access network device.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) packet. The UE may duplicate, at a protocol stack layer of the UE, the V2X packet to form a plurality of duplicated V2X packets, wherein each duplicated V2X packet is associated with a directional range. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Techniques are described to indicate traffic awareness information by a network device. An example wireless communication method includes communicating, by a first network function of a network node, traffic awareness information to a second network function of the network node, wherein the traffic awareness information includes traffic characteristics of one or more quality of service (QoS) flows between the network node and a communication node.

A method by a first base station comprises receiving a message including information related to a sum of traffic loads of user equipment and information related to a location of a second base station from second base stations, identifying a sum of traffic loads transmitted from the second base stations, to the UEs, identifying whether the identified sum of the traffic loads is larger than a sum of data rates for the corresponding UEs of the corresponding second base stations located in the specific first area, when the identified sum of the traffic loads is larger than the sum of the data rates, identifying a specific UE to be operated as a second base station among the corresponding UEs located in the specific first area, and transmitting information indicating that the specific UE is to operate as the second base station to the specific UE.

A communication band calculation device includes a memory; and a processor configured to execute acquiring user-based traffic information; defining non-overlapping separate section columns having any section width as a state space and sets a user distribution of a traffic amount according to the state space based on the traffic information; generating a transition probability matrix in which a transition probability that a transition from a separate section to another in the state space occurs is set as an element based on the traffic information; obtaining prediction of the user distribution at a desired future time using a product of the user distribution which is a starting point of prediction and the transition probability matrix; and calculating an amount of band facilities required to achieve quality of a communication service at a future point in time based on the user distribution in future.

An information transmission method, a network device and a terminal are provided. The method includes: determining a first target mapping relationship; transmitting the first target mapping relationship to a target terminal; the first target mapping relationship includes at least one of: a first mapping relationship between a target object of a sidelink interface and a target object of a backhaul link; a second mapping relationship between the target object of the sidelink interface and an end-to-end target object; a third mapping relationship between the end-to-end target object and the target object of the backhaul link; or a fourth mapping relationship among the end-to-end target object, the target object of the backhaul link, and the target object of the sidelink interface; a target object is one of a bearer, a RLC channel and a RLC layer logical channel; the target terminal includes the first terminal and/or the second terminal, the second terminal is a relay terminal corresponding to the first terminal.

A method for splitting end-to-end QoS requirement information, a terminal, and a network side device, the method comprising: a target device splits end-to-end QoS requirement information into PC5-segment QoS information and Uu-segment QoS information, the target device comprising a target UE and an access network device.