An electrically operated aerosol-generating system may be configured to detect adverse conditions (e.g., a dry heater). The system may comprise an electric heater comprising at least one heating element for heating an aerosol-forming substrate, a power supply, and electric circuitry connected to the electric heater and to the power supply and comprising a memory. The electric circuitry may be configured to measure an initial electrical resistance (R.sub.1) of the electric heater; measure a subsequent electrical resistance of the electric heater after the measurement of the initial electrical resistance; determine the difference (R) between the initial electrical resistance and the subsequent electrical resistance; determine that an adverse condition is present if the difference is greater than a maximum threshold value (R.sub.max) or less than a minimum threshold value (R.sub.min) stored in the memory; and control a power to the electric heater and/or provide an indication if the adverse condition is present.

A temperature control device, in particular a resistance heating device, for arrangement on a surface to be tempered, having at least one upper part, a lower part, an electrical connection and at least one first tempering element, in particular a heating element, in connection with the electrical connection. The upper part is arranged opposite an upper side of the first tempering element and the lower part is arranged opposite an underside of the first tempering element. The lower part is designed for engagement with the upper part such that a surface pressure can be provided with the upper part and the lower part in the orthogonal direction to the upper side and the lower side of the first tempering element for surface coupling of the lower part to the surface to be tempered. The temperature control device can be fastened longitudinally displaceably to the surface to be tempered in such a way that a change in length of the temperature control device in the longitudinal direction of the temperature control device can be accommodated. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system, in particular a switch cabinet or an electronic housing, having a temperature control device.

A fluid permeable heater assembly for an aerosol-generating system includes a cap and a substantially flat electrically conductive and fluid permeable heating element. The cap includes a hollow body with a first cap opening and a second cap opening. The first cap opening is opposite to the second cap opening. The heating element is configured to vaporise aerosol-forming substrate. The heating element is mounted on the cap, such that the heating element extends across the first cap opening. A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system includes the heater assembly, a liquid storage portion, a mouth piece, and a retainer.

An electrically operated aerosol-generating system may be configured to detect adverse conditions (e.g., a dry heater). The system may comprise an electric heater comprising at least one heating element for heating an aerosol-forming substrate, a power supply, and electric circuitry connected to the electric heater and to the power supply and comprising a memory. The electric circuitry may be configured to measure an initial electrical resistance (R.sub.1) of the electric heater; measure a subsequent electrical resistance of the electric heater after the measurement of the initial electrical resistance; determine the difference (R) between the initial electrical resistance and the subsequent electrical resistance; determine that an adverse condition is present if the difference is greater than a maximum threshold value (R.sub.max) or less than a minimum threshold value (R.sub.min) stored in the memory; and control a power to the electric heater and/or provide an indication if the adverse condition is present.

The invention relates to an electric heater, in particular auxiliary heating system, for a motor vehicle, comprising a volume (15) for receiving and conducting a liquid, in particular water, as well as a liquid inlet (13) and a liquid outlet (14) in such a manner that liquid can flow into the volume (15) via the liquid inlet (13) and can flow out via the liquid outlet (14), wherein at least one heating element (16), in particular a heating resistor, and a flow-conducting device (12) is disposed in the volume (15), wherein the flow-conducting device (12) comprises at least one flow-deflecting and/or turbulence-generating device (25) for deflecting the flow and/or for generating turbulence.

An electrical heating apparatus for a motor vehicle includes a volume for receiving and conducting a liquid, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid can flow in through the liquid inlet into the volume and can flow out through the liquid outlet. At least one heating element is arranged in the volume. At least one deviating device is provided in such a way that the liquid flowing from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet is deviated so that a flow path is increased.

An electrical radiator type heating appliance comprises a case housing a heater member producing a first flow of calories (F1) when an input of the heater member is powered by a direct electric voltage. The heating appliance also comprises a voltage converter implanted in the case and comprising an input provided with connection elements for connecting the voltage converter to an electric power supply source and an output delivering a direct electric voltage adapted to directly or indirectly power the input of the heater member.

An electrical radiator type heating appliance (10) comprises a case (11) housing a heater member (12) producing a first flow of calories (F1) when an input (121) of the heater member (12) is powered by a direct electric voltage. The heating appliance (10) also comprises a voltage converter (14) implanted in the case (11) and comprising an input (141) provided with connection elements for connecting the voltage converter (14) to an electric power supply source (13) and an output (142) delivering a direct electric voltage adapted to directly or indirectly power the input (121) of the heater member (12).

A fluid permeable heater assembly for an aerosol-generating system includes a cap and a substantially flat electrically conductive and fluid permeable heating element. The cap includes a hollow body with a first cap opening and a second cap opening. The first cap opening is opposite to the second cap opening. The heating element is configured to vaporise aerosol-forming substrate. The heating element is mounted on the cap, such that the heating element extends across the first cap opening. A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system includes the heater assembly, a liquid storage portion, a mouth piece, and a retainer.

An electrically operated aerosol-generating system may be configured to detect adverse conditions (e.g., a dry heater). The system may comprise an electric heater comprising at least one heating element for heating an aerosol-forming substrate, a power supply, and electric circuitry connected to the electric heater and to the power supply and comprising a memory. The electric circuitry may be configured to measure an initial electrical resistance (R.sub.1) of the electric heater; measure a subsequent electrical resistance of the electric heater after the measurement of the initial electrical resistance; determine the difference (?R) between the initial electrical resistance and the subsequent electrical resistance; determine that an adverse condition is present if the difference is greater than a maximum threshold value (?R.sub.max) or less than a minimum threshold value (?R.sub.min) stored in the memory; and control a power to the electric heater and/or provide an indication if the adverse condition is present.