The invention relates to a dynamic heating system in the form of a radiant surface, comprising a covering formed by tiles (1), each tile (1) containing at least one electrical heating resistance (2) and a thermal temperature-measuring sensor (3), a connection network (4) being arranged below the covering in the form of a grid, the tiles (1) being connected to the nodes of said grid electrically and via data transmission, while said connection network (4) is connected to a programmable controller (6) which establishes an individual electric power supply to each of the tiles (1) according to the temperature.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system includes a storage container containing a supply of an aerosol-forming substrate, a fluid permeable heating element positioned across an opening in the storage container, a protective cover coupled to the storage container and covering the fluid permeable heating element, at least one air inlet, at least one air outlet, and an airflow path from the at least one air inlet to the at least one air outlet. The protective cover is configured such that a portion of the airflow path is between the protective cover and the fluid permeable heating element.

An electric fireplace (10) includes a fireplace housing (12) and an electrical insert (40). The fireplace housing (12) includes a base panel (30) having a base opening (230A), a back panel (32), and at least one side panel (34). The electrical insert (40) is sized and shaped to fit and be supported and retained within the base opening (230A). Additionally, the electrical insert (40) can include a heater (26), and a controller (28) including a processor that is configured to control operation of the electric fireplace (10). Further, each of the base panel (30), the back panel (32) and the at least one side panel (34) can be manufactured and installed independently of one another. The fireplace housing (12) can further include a front frame (236) that is manufactured and installed independently of each of the base panel (30), the back panel (32) and the at least one side panel (34). Still further, at least one of the back panel (32) and the at least one side panel (34) can be foldable.

A radiator in particular for room heating, comprising a control or measurement unit accommodated in a container integral with the radiator and positioned so as to sustain the heat from the radiator as little as possible, while exploiting a cool air flow drawn by the same to cool the internal circuitry defining the unit. Said container is conveniently spaced apart from the radiator by means of insulating elements and a part of the same container is formed by a heat dissipator to which one or more electronic power elements included in said circuitry are thermally connected.

A radiant heating panel, for typical use as cover for interior walls and ceilings, is provided, that is manufactured in a continuous process involving at least one sheet material, a settable material and a heating element. A method of installing such a heating panel is also provided, along with an apparatus and method required to terminate the heating panel.

An indoor self-regulating electric heating system based on a carbon-based electric heating coating is provided, including a heating part, where the heating part includes a wall heating coating, conductive copper strips, and an external circuit; the wall heating coating is a film formed by applying a carbon-based electric heating coating. This application adopts the indoor self-regulating electric heating system based on a carbon-based electric heating coating, where the heating coating is firmly bonded to the wall and has good durability, with a lifespan being consistent with that of the wall, thus solving the durability issue of the heating coating application. The heating coating is thin, heats evenly, and ensures the safe operation of the system.

An electric heating tile is provided. An electric heating tile according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first layer in which a copper pipe is provided, a second layer provided on the first layer and patterned with at least one copper film, a top cover covering an upper surface of the second layer, and a bottom cover covering a lower surface of the first layer, in which in the top cover and the bottom lower cover, at least one magnetic member is attached to one side surface.

An electric surface heating structure is provided. The electric surface heating structure includes a building structural unit, contacts, electrical wire and power source. The building structural unit consists of a post-hardening mixture ofwater15-30 mass % of cement or cementitious binder, 45-80 mass % of aggregates being an electrically conductive aggregate and a non-conductive aggregate, 0.5-10 mass % of semiconductor and carbon-based aggregates, 2-10 mass % of fibrous material, 0.1-5 mass % of an admixtures which improves the processing and/or the mechanical properties. A method for producing an electric surface heating structure is provided. A post-hardening mixture of water, 15-30 mass % cement, 45-80 mass % aggregates and 2-10 mass % fibrous material is produced. 0.5-10 mass % of semiconductor and carbon-based aggregates are added to the mixture before post-consolidation, a post-hardening building structural unit is formed by spreading or pouring the mixture into a formwork and contacts.

An infrared heating system comprises an infrared heater. The infrared heater comprises at least one heating element and an infrared emission surface configured to emit infrared radiation across a heating angle to a heating area; an infrared temperature sensor, the infrared temperature sensor having a field of view defined by a sensor angle, the field of view comprising a portion of the heating area; and a controller configured to: receive a temperature value of the field of view from the infrared temperature sensor; calculate a mean radiant temperature of the heating area based on the temperature value from the field of view; output a control signal corresponding to the mean radiant temperature; and transmit the control signal to a component of the infrared heater, wherein the infrared temperature sensor is outside of the heating area and/or is in the plane of the emission surface

An electrically operated aerosol-generating system may be configured to detect adverse conditions (e.g., a dry heater). The system may comprise an electric heater comprising at least one heating element for heating an aerosol-forming substrate, a power supply, and electric circuitry connected to the electric heater and to the power supply and comprising a memory. The electric circuitry may be configured to measure an initial electrical resistance (R.sub.1) of the electric heater; measure a subsequent electrical resistance of the electric heater after the measurement of the initial electrical resistance; determine the difference (R) between the initial electrical resistance and the subsequent electrical resistance; determine that an adverse condition is present if the difference is greater than a maximum threshold value (R.sub.max) or less than a minimum threshold value (R.sub.min) stored in the memory; and control a power to the electric heater and/or provide an indication if the adverse condition is present.