A circuit for cooling is disclosed. The circuit uses a pulse generator in combination with a conductor. A cooling effect of the circuit on the conductor can be used and can be used in conjunction with a Carnot or Stirling engine. A resultant energy applied to a load is larger than the energy supplied by the pulse generator due to the absorption of external energy by the conductor.

A circuit for generating electrical energy is disclosed. The circuit uses a pulse generator in combination with an etalon. The etalon can be a tube can have material therein, such as solid material or fluid passing therethrough. A thyristor or other negative resistance can be in series with the etalon to increase a change of voltage with respect to time. A resultant energy applied to a load is larger than the energy supplied by the pulse generator due to the absorption of external energy by the etalon.

The invention relates to a heating system component for a heating system for heating a fluid medium, with a carrier unit, and a heating unit coupled to said carrier unit, wherein said carrier unit comprises a wet side and a dry side, wherein said wet side corresponds to a surface of said carrier unit configured to be in contact with said fluid medium, wherein said dry side is located on a surface opposite to said wet side; and wherein said heating unit is recessed in a groove provided on said dry side of the carrier unit. A temperature sensor, in particular an NTC thermistor, positioned to measure a temperature of a fluid medium at the wet side of the carrier unit, wherein the temperature sensor is effectively thermally insulated from the heating unit.

A hot water system for a bidet having a housing is provided. The hot water system includes: a water inlet pipe connected to a faucet; a flow path guide tank located at a lower portion in the housing so that water introduced into the water inlet pipe flows; a sheath heater provided in the housing and configured to heat water discharged from the flow path guide tank; and a water outlet pipe configured to supply water heated by the sheath heater to the outside. The flow path guide tank has a flow path guide hole formed through in an upward direction so that water introduced into the water inlet pipe flows into an upper portion inside the housing and exchanges heat with the sheath heater.

A circuit for generating electrical energy is disclosed. The circuit uses a pulse generator in combination with a conductor. Waste heat can be converted to usable energy due to a cooling effect of the circuit on the conductor. A resultant energy applied to a load is larger than the energy supplied by the pulse generator due to the absorption of external energy by the conductor.

A circuit for cooling is disclosed. The circuit uses a pulse generator in combination with a conductor. A cooling effect of the circuit on the conductor can be used and can be used in conjunction with a Carnot or Stirling engine. A resultant energy applied to a load is larger than the energy supplied by the pulse generator due to the absorption of external energy by the conductor.

An energy cutoff apparatus for a water heating system includes a safety cutoff circuit and a presence detection circuit. The safety cutoff circuit receives a temperature signal from a temperature sensor. The temperature signal is indicative of whether a temperature of water in the water heating system within a permissible temperature range. The safety cutoff circuit disables a safe operation current branch when the temperature signal indicates the water temperature is outside the permissible water temperature range. The presence detection circuit detects a presence of the temperature sensor and disables a presence detection current branch if the temperature sensor is absent. Switches can power heating elements of the water heating system responsive to the safe operation current branch being enabled and the temperature sensor being present and can disable the heat elements responsive to the safe operation current branch being disabled or the temperature sensor being absent.

A water heater appliance is provided that includes a control panel assembly that has features that facilitate mounting of a control panel of the control panel assembly to a curved surface of the water heater appliance. For instance, the curved surface may be an outer surface of a wrapper or a shroud of the water heater appliance. Particularly, the control panel assembly includes features that permit mounting of the control panel assembly to surfaces of variable radii. Moreover, the control panel assembly includes features that facilitate access to the electrical components of the control panel during assembly and servicing of the control panel assembly. Specifically, the control panel assembly includes features that allow the control panel to hinge downward to permit easy access to the electrical components during assembly and service.

A method of operating a water heater in a load shed mode can include detecting that an upper water heater thermostat control module in a water heater is calling for heat to be provided via an upper heating element of the water heater while the water heater is in a load shed mode of operation wherein a first leg of power to the water heater is decoupled from an input to the upper water heater thermostat control module and responsive to the upper water heater thermostat control module calling for heat, transmitting a signal to end the load shed mode of operation at the water heater so that the first leg of power to the water heater is coupled to the input of the upper water heater thermostat control module so that the upper heating element of the water heater is enabled to heat water responsive to the upper water heater thermostat control module calling for heat.

A safety device for emergency shut-down of an electric instantaneous water heater. The safety device includes a contact and a counter contact, which are set up to conduct the current for supplying the instantaneous water heater in a contacted state and to interrupt the power supply of the instantaneous water heater in an open state. Further, the safety device includes a mounting device for mounting the counter contact on a tie rod, wherein the tie rod is set up to release the mounting device and the counter contact 4 from the contact to interrupt a power supply of the instantaneous water heater. The contact of the safety device is implemented as a contact rivet which is integrated directly into a circuit board.