A plasma arc system includes a plasma torch having a torch nozzle with an opening at a distal end for a plasma jet to exit. An electromagnetic shield cap is disposed near the distal end of the torch nozzle with the shield cap having an opening that is coaxial with the opening of the torch nozzle. A plasma cutting power source supplies current to the torch to create the plasma jet. A magnetic field power source provides a current to the electromagnetic shield cap to generate a magnetic field near the plasma jet to focus the plasma jet as the plasma jet exits the torch nozzle. A controller synchronizes operation of the power sources during a transition from a piercing operation to a cutting operation.

The present invention concerns a device for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4-alkane-containing gas by means of thermal plasma, a process for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4-alkane-containing gas by means of thermal plasma, and the use of a device in a process for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4-alkane-containing gas by means of a process of the invention.

The present invention concerns a device for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4-alkane-containing gas by means of thermal plasma, a process for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4-alkane-containing gas by means of thermal plasma, and the use of a device in a process for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4-alkane-containing gas by means of a process of the invention.

A non-radio-isotopic radiological source using a dense plasma focus (DPF) to produce an intense z-pinch plasma from a gas, such as helium, and which accelerates charged particles, such as generated from the gas or injected from an external source, into a target positioned along an acceleration axis and of a type known to emit ionizing radiation when impinged by the type of accelerated charged particles. In a preferred embodiment, helium gas is used to produce a DPF-accelerated He2+ ion beam to a beryllium target, to produce neutron emission having a similar energy spectrum as a radio-isotopic AmBe neutron source. Furthermore, multiple DPFs may be stacked to provide staged acceleration of charged particles for enhancing energy, tunability, and control of the source.

The plasma torch according to the present invention rotates the generated plasma P along the central axis T and ejects it in the axial direction, and also causes the plasma P to melt the powder of the thermal spray material and discharge it to the outside from the front nozzle opening. The current vector and the magnetic flux vector are orthogonal. A vector of current flowing between the first discharge surface 39 of the cathode 36 and the second discharge surface 49 of the second electrode 41 in order to generate plasma P, and a vector of magnetic flux of a magnetic field synthesized by the first magnet 37, the second magnet 42, the third magnet M3, and the fourth magnet M4, are orthogonal.

The plasma torch according to the present invention rotates the generated plasma P along the central axis T and ejects it in the axial direction, and also causes the plasma P to melt the powder of the thermal spray material and discharge it to the outside from the front nozzle opening. The current vector and the magnetic flux vector are orthogonal. A vector of current flowing between the first discharge surface 39 of the cathode 36 and the second discharge surface 49 of the second electrode 41 in order to generate plasma P, and a vector of magnetic flux of a magnetic field synthesized by the first magnet 37, the second magnet 42, the third magnet M3, and the fourth magnet M4, are orthogonal.

A system and method of generating greater ionization using a magnetic venturi.

A system and method of generating greater ionization using a magnetic venturi.

A hybrid welding system that comprises a plasma welding unit (Plasma unit) and a MIG welding unit with a non-consumable electrode (cathode) and a consumable electrode, where the electrodes are positioned relative each other so that their respective axes form an angle so that arcs initiated from the electrodes intersect a workpiece plane to define an impingement point distance D. A gas shielding nozzle forms a confined space around the tips of the electrodes, accommodates and covers them and keeps the angle between them inside the confined space and impingement point distance D. The Plasma unit comprises thermal cooling means with a channel surrounding the cathode down to the nozzle and tip of the cathode and also the tip of the MIG electrode around the gas shielding nozzle. A heat absorbing fluid circulates inside the cooling channel, especially at the electrodes tips that concentrate the highest amount of heat at highest temperature. Electrically insulating porous ceramic cover and filler surround the cathode. Oval shaped magnetic horns control the distance D and prevent the electrical arcs of the two electrodes from deflecting from and brought closer to each other. This prevents disturbances in the melting pool and controls the deposition rate.

A hybrid welding system that comprises a plasma welding unit (Plasma unit) and a MIG welding unit with a non-consumable electrode (cathode) and a consumable electrode, where the electrodes are positioned relative each other so that their respective axes form an angle so that arcs initiated from the electrodes intersect a workpiece plane to define an impingement point distance D. A gas shielding nozzle forms a confined space around the tips of the electrodes, accommodates and covers them and keeps the angle between them inside the confined space and impingement point distance D. The Plasma unit comprises thermal cooling means with a channel surrounding the cathode down to the nozzle and tip of the cathode and also the tip of the MIG electrode around the gas shielding nozzle. A heat absorbing fluid circulates inside the cooling channel, especially at the electrodes tips that concentrate the highest amount of heat at highest temperature. Electrically insulating porous ceramic cover and filler surround the cathode. Oval shaped magnetic horns control the distance D and prevent the electrical arcs of the two electrodes from deflecting from and brought closer to each other. This prevents disturbances in the melting pool and controls the deposition rate.