A microwave or radio frequency (RF) device includes an insulating substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface. The device also includes a crossover conductor disposed on the first surface extending between a first edge of the first surface and a second edge of the first surface. The device also includes a depression in the second surface defined at least in part by (i) a third surface recessed in relation to the second surface, and (ii) at least one sidewall that extends between the second surface and the third surface. The device further includes a conductive coating formed over at least a portion of the second surface, the third surface, and the at least one sidewall, where the conductive coating is insulated from the crossover conductor by the insulating substrate.

Methods and apparatuses for vertically transitioning signals between substrate integrated waveguides within a multilayered printed circuit board (PCB) are disclosed. A first substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is provided in a first layer of the PCB, the first SIW having a first terminal portion. A second SIW is provided in a second layer of the PCB, the second SIW having a second terminal portion that overlaps with the first terminal portion, wherein a first ground plane separates the first SIW and the second SIW. A vertical transition comprising an aperture in the first ground plane that is disposed in an area defined by the overlap of the first terminal portion and the second terminal portion, such that a signal propagated in the first SIW transitions to the second SIW in a different layer through the aperture.

A printed circuit board includes a plurality of layers including attachment layers and routing layers; and via patterns formed in the plurality of layers, each of the via patterns including first and second signal vias forming a differential signal pair, the first and second signal vias extending through at least the attachment layers; ground vias extending through at least the attachment layers, the ground vias including ground conductors; and shadow vias located adjacent to each of the first and second signal vias, wherein the shadow vias are free of conductive material in the attachment layers. The printed circuit board may further include slot vias extending through the attachment layers and located between via patterns.

A radio frequency connector includes a substrate, a first ground plane disposed upon the substrate, a signal conductor having a first contact point, with the first contact point being configured to electrically mate with a second contact point, and a first ground boundary configured to electrically mate with a second ground boundary, with the first ground boundary being formed as an electrically continuous conductor within the substrate.

A communication module may include a communication ground layer. The communication module may also include a circuit board. The circuit board may be located proximate the communication ground layer. The circuit board may include a stitch layer. The stitch layer may be electrically coupled to the communication ground layer via a plurality of stitch layer vias. Additionally, the communication module may include multiple ground vias. The ground vias may be electrically coupled to a portion of the circuit board and to the communication ground layer.

A printed circuit board includes an electrical component including a signal terminal, and a printed wiring board on which the electrical component is mounted. The printed wiring board includes a signal line connected to the signal terminal. The signal line includes a first line portion, a second line portion, a third line portion, and a fourth line portion disposed continuously in this order. The signal terminal is joined with the fourth line portion such that the signal terminal and the fourth line portion form an integral structure. A second characteristic impedance of the second line portion is lower than a first characteristic impedance of the first line portion. A third characteristic impedance of the third line portion is higher than the first characteristic impedance. A fourth characteristic impedance of the integral structure formed by the fourth line portion and the signal terminal is lower than the first characteristic impedance.

An insulation film has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other and has a first portion and a second portion extending in a direction opposite to each other from a central portion. The optical subassembly is connected to the flexible printed circuit board at the central portion with the stem opposed to the second surface. The flexible printed circuit board curves with the second surface at least the central portion facing outward. The printed circuit board intervenes between edges of the first portion and the second portion and is connected to the flexible printed circuit board. The first portion and the second portion of the flexible printed circuit board curves in a shape to avoid mutual contact and three-dimensionally intersect with each other, and the first portion and the second portion on the second surface are opposed to the printed circuit board.

A multilayer substrate includes a laminate, first and second signal lines, first and second ground conductors, and interlayer connection conductors. The first and second signal lines extend along a transmission direction and include parallel extending portions that extend in parallel or substantially in parallel with each other. The first and second ground conductors sandwich the first and second signal lines in a laminating direction. The first and second ground conductors respectively include a first opening and a third opening between the signal lines when viewed from the laminating direction, and respectively include second openings and fourth openings disposed outside in a width direction orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the transmission direction in the parallel extending portions when viewed from the laminating direction. The interlayer connection conductors are disposed in the transmission direction and at least between the signal lines.

A printed board including an external interface, a frame ground trace electrically connected to the external interface, a circuit member spaced from the frame ground trace, and a resonance trace disposed between the frame ground trace and the circuit member with a gap present between the resonance trace and the frame ground trace. The resonance trace is connected to the circuit member at at least two positions. The resonance trace and the circuit member together form a loop member configured in the form of a closed circuit of the resonance trace and the circuit member.

A transmission line includes connecting portions connected to the outside and a main body located between the connecting portions. Each of the connecting portions includes a terminal electrode connected to an external electrode, a signal conductor, and ground conductors. The main body includes the signal conductor and the ground conductors, and at least one of the plurality of connecting portions includes a first region including the terminal electrode, a second region adjacent to the first region along a signal propagation path, and a third region located between the second region and the main body. The first region, the second region, and the third region provide impedance matching at the connecting portion.