Composite transparent conductors are described, which comprise a primary conductive medium based on metal nanowires and a secondary conductive medium based on a continuous conductive film.

Provided are a surface-treated glass cloth that enables the reliability of a printed wiring board to be improved, a prepreg, and a printed wiring board. In the surface-treated glass cloth, a surface-treated layer contains a silane coupling agent, the amount of carbon attached of an adhering component of the surface-treated layer is in the range of 0.030 to 0.060% by mass, the arithmetic average height of the surface of the adhering component of the surface-treated layer is in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 nm, and the product of the amount of carbon attached of the adhering component and the arithmetic average height of the surface of the adhering component is in the range of 0.060 to 0.100.

An electroconductive substrate including a base material and a metal wiring made of at least either of silver and copper, and the electroconductive substrate has an antireflection region formed on part or all of the metal wiring surface. This antireflection region is composed of roughened particles made of at least either of silver and copper and blackened particles finer than the roughened particles and embedded between the roughened particles. The blackened particles are made of silver or a silver compound, copper or a copper compound, or carbon or an organic substance having a carbon content of 25 wt % or more. The antireflection region has a surface with a center line average roughness of 15 nm or more and 70 nm or less. The electroconductive substrate is formed from metal wiring from a metal ink that forms roughened particles, followed by application of a blackening ink containing blackened particles.

A high-conductivity and high-voltage solar photovoltaic glass panel includes two glass substrates. A surface of each of the two glass substrates faces air. A conductive paste, printed on the surface of the glass substrate, is baked, heated, and cooled to form a conductive circuit fused with the surface of the glass substrate. A solar chip with two electrodes, respectively located on both sides of the solar chip, is clamped between the two glass substrates, and the two electrodes of the solar chip are respectively connected with two solder pads of the two conductive circuits of the two glass substrates through two tin layers. A sealant is placed between the edges of the two glass substrates. The glass substrate is a glass-tempered substrate, and a surface of the conductive circuit, except a region reserved for a solder pad used for welding the solar chip, is covered with a printed-circuit-board (PCB) organic solder-resistant layer. The high-conductivity and high-voltage solar photovoltaic glass panel has the characteristics of high-conductivity and high light transmittance and has the characteristic of good thermal conductivity in high-power applications. The high-conductivity and high-voltage solar photovoltaic glass panel can he applied to the use of large-area light transmission, such as t the agricultural shed roofs.

A foil structure with electrical functionality and external contacting includes a region containing an electrical transmission path and a contacting region for the external contacting of the electrical transmission path. At least one electrically conductive layer, which is provided with a material mixture of silver and carbon, is contained in the contacting region of the foil structure. The electrically conductive layer can be extended from the contacting region of the foil structure into the region containing the electrical transmission path and can form the electrical transmission path. The electrically conductive layer can be disposed on a conductor track in the contacting region. The electrically conductive layer is mechanically and climatically stable by virtue of the mixture of silver and carbon.