A surface of a semiconductor-containing dielectric material/oxynitride/nitride is treated with a basic solution in order to provide hydroxyl group termination of the surface. A dielectric metal oxide is subsequently deposited by atomic layer deposition. The hydroxyl group termination provides a uniform surface condition that facilitates nucleation and deposition of the dielectric metal oxide, and reduces interfacial defects between the oxide and the dielectric metal oxide. Further, treatment with the basic solution removes more oxide from a surface of a silicon germanium alloy with a greater atomic concentration of germanium, thereby reducing a differential in the total thickness of the combination of the oxide and the dielectric metal oxide across surfaces with different germanium concentrations.

A selective film forming method includes: preparing a substrate including a first film having a first surface and a second film having a second surface, the second film being different from the first film; selectively adsorbing a secondary alcohol gas and/or a tertiary alcohol gas to the second surface; and selectively forming a film on the first surface by supplying at least a raw material gas.

A method is disclosed for delectively depositing a material on a substrate wherein the substrate has at least two different surfaces wherein one surface is passivated thereby allowing selective deposition on the non-passivated surface. In particular, disclosed is a method for preparing a surface of a substrate for selective film deposition, wherein the surface of the substrate comprises at least a first surface comprising SiO.sub.2 and an initial concentration of surface hydroxyl groups and a second surface comprising SiH, the method comprising the steps of: contacting the substrate with a wet chemical composition to obtain a treated substrate comprising an increased concentration of surface hydroxyl groups relative to the initial concentration of surface hydroxyl groups; and heating the treated substrate to a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 600° C., wherein the heating step converts at least a portion of the surface hydroxyl groups on the first surface to surface siloxane groups on the surface of the substrate.

There is provided a technique that includes: (a) arranging a plurality of first substrates and a second substrate having a smaller surface area than the first substrates and accommodating the plurality of first substrates and the second substrate in a process chamber; and (b) forming a thin film on each of the plurality of first substrates by supplying a processing gas to a substrate arrangement region in which the plurality of first substrates and the second substrate are arranged, wherein (b) includes: (c) supplying a dilution gas to a first supply region of the substrate arrangement region, or not performing a supply of the dilution gas to the first supply region, and supplying the dilution gas to at least one second supply region of the substrate arrangement region at a flow rate larger than a flow rate of the dilution gas supplied to the first supply region.

The dry etching method of the present invention etches a metal film formed on a surface of a workpiece by bringing etching gases each containing a β-diketone into contact with the metal film. The method includes: a first etching step of bringing a first etching gas containing a first β-diketone into contact with the metal film; and a second etching step of bringing a second etching gas containing a second β-diketone into contact with the metal film after the first etching step. The first β-diketone is a compound capable of forming a first complex through a reaction with the metal film. The second β-diketone is a compound capable of forming a second complex having a lower sublimation point than the first complex through a reaction with the metal film.

Disclosed is a film formation method, including vaporizing a plurality of raw material monomers in respective corresponding vaporizers, supplying the plurality of raw material monomers into a film formation apparatus, causing vapor deposition polymerization of the plurality of raw material monomers in the film formation apparatus to form an organic film on a substrate, and removing an impurity contained in at least one raw material monomer among the plurality of raw material monomers before the vapor deposition polymerization.

A thin film forming method which forms a seed film and an impurity-containing silicon film on a surface of an object to be processed in a processing container configured to be vacuum exhaustible, the thin film forming method includes: performing a first step which forms the seed film formed of a compound of silicon, carbon and nitrogen on the surface of the object by supplying a seed film raw material gas comprising an aminosilane-based gas into the processing container; and performing a second step which forms the impurity-containing silicon film in an amorphous state on the seed film by supplying a silane-based gas and an impurity-containing gas into the processing container.

The present disclosure provides a DNA-targeting RNA that comprises a targeting sequence and, together with a modifying polypeptide, provides for site-specific modification of a target DNA and/or a polypeptide associated with the target DNA. The present disclosure further provides site-specific modifying polypeptides. The present disclosure further provides methods of site-specific modification of a target DNA and/or a polypeptide associated with the target DNA The present disclosure provides methods of modulating transcription of a target nucleic acid in a target cell, generally involving contacting the target nucleic acid with an enzymatically inactive Cas9 polypeptide and a DNA-targeting RNA. Kits and compositions for carrying out the methods are also provided. The present disclosure provides genetically modified cells that produce Cas9; and Cas9 transgenic non-human multicellular organisms.

A substrate processing method of forming an air gap includes: forming deposition inhibitor sites in a lower space between a first protrusion and a second protrusion; and forming film-forming sites and an interlayer insulating layer on the first protrusion and the second protrusion, wherein the interlayer insulating layer is selectively formed in an upper space between the first protrusion and the second protrusion by the deposition inhibitor sites and the film-forming layer, and thus an air gap is formed between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

There is provided a nitride film forming method which includes: performing a pretreatment in which a chlorine-containing gas is supplied while heating a substrate to be processed having a first base film and a second base film formed on the substrate to a predetermined temperature, and is adsorbed onto a surface of the first base film and a surface of the second base film; and forming a nitride film on the first base film and the second base film subjected to the pretreatment, by an ALD method or a CVD method, using a raw material gas and a nitriding gas, while heating the substrate to be processed to a predetermined temperature.