Implementations of a method for healing a crack in a semiconductor substrate may include identifying a crack in a semiconductor substrate and heating an area of the semiconductor substrate including the crack until the crack is healed.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing multilayer graphene, including (a) contacting of a metal substrate with a nonmetal element, (b) reduction through heat treatment, and (c) chemical vapor deposition of a graphene precursor on the metal substrate containing the nonmetal element dissolved therein, thereby manufacturing multilayer graphene that is doped with the nonmetal element on the metal substrate. In the multilayer graphene thus manufactured, the number of graphene layers and the work function are simultaneously adjusted by controlling the concentration of doped nonmetal element in a thickness direction of graphene through interactions related to the reduction of the nonmetal element dissolved in a copper catalyst and the growth of graphene, and moreover, the stacking structure of graphene is maintained and the optoelectronic properties of multilayer graphene can be controlled by simultaneously regulating graphene growth and doping during the synthesis procedure without additional processing.

A method of doping a substrate. The method may include providing a substrate in a process chamber. The substrate may include a semiconductor structure, and a dopant layer disposed on a surface of the semiconductor structure. The method may include maintaining the substrate at a first temperature for a first interval, the first temperature corresponding to a vaporization temperature of the dopant layer. The method may further include rapidly cooling the substrate to a second temperature, less than the first temperature, and heating the substrate from the second temperature to a third temperature, greater than the first temperature.

A stack of layers providing an ohmic contact with the semiconductor, a lower metal layer of the stack is disposed in direct contact with the semiconductor; and a radiation absorption control layer disposed over the lower layer for controlling an amount of the radiant energy to be absorbed in the radiation absorption control layer during exposure of the stack to the radiation during a process used to alloy the stack with the semiconductor to form the ohmic contact.

A lithography system includes an electron source, a lens, and a stencil mask. The electron source emits a beam of electrons. The lens converts the emitted beam of electrons into a diffuse beam of parallel electrons. The stencil mask is positioned between the lens and a semiconductor wafer with an electron-sensitive resists. The stencil mask has a pattern to selectively pass portions of the diffuse beam of parallel electrons onto the electron-sensitive resist of the wafer.

A method for fabricating an anode-shorted field stop insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) comprises selectively forming first and second semiconductor implant regions of opposite conductivity types. A field stop layer of a second conductivity type can be grown onto or implanted into the substrate. An epitaxial layer can be grown on the substrate or on the field stop layer. One or more insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) component cells are formed within the epitaxial layer.

Provided is a semiconductor device which includes a semiconductor substrate that has an upper surface and a lower surface. A hydrogen chemical concentration distribution of the semiconductor substrate in a depth direction has a first hydrogen concentration peak and a second hydrogen concentration peak disposed closer to the lower surface side of the semiconductor substrate than the first hydrogen concentration peak. An intermediate donor concentration between the first hydrogen concentration peak and the second hydrogen concentration peak is different from any of an upper surface side donor concentration between the first hydrogen concentration peak and the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and a lower surface side donor concentration between the second hydrogen concentration peak and the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate. The intermediate donor concentration may be higher than either the upper surface side donor concentration or the lower surface side donor concentration.

A method of doping a substrate. The method may include providing a substrate in a process chamber. The substrate may include a semiconductor structure, and a dopant layer disposed on a surface of the semiconductor structure. The method may include maintaining the substrate at a first temperature for a first interval, the first temperature corresponding to a vaporization temperature of the dopant layer. The method may further include rapidly cooling the substrate to a second temperature, less than the first temperature, and heating the substrate from the second temperature to a third temperature, greater than the first temperature.

Implementations of a method of singulating a plurality of semiconductor die may include: forming a damage layer beneath a surface of a die street where the die street connects a plurality of semiconductor die and the plurality of semiconductor die are formed on a semiconductor substrate. The method may also include sawing the die street after forming the damage layer to singulate the plurality of semiconductor die.

A manufacturing method of a monocrystalline silicon includes: a growth step in which a seed crystal having contacted a silicon melt is pulled up and a crucible is rotated and raised to form a straight body of the monocrystalline silicon; a separating step in which the monocrystalline silicon is separated from the silicon melt; a state holding step in which the crucible and the monocrystalline silicon are lowered and the monocrystalline silicon is kept at a level at which an upper end of the straight body is located at the same level as an upper end of a heat shield or is located below the upper end of the heat shield for a predetermined time; and a draw-out step in which the monocrystalline silicon is drawn out of a chamber.