A surgical access system is disclosed including a first robotic arm, a second robotic arm, and a surgical access device. The surgical access device includes an atraumatic outer housing defining an outer perimeter, a first access port including a first seal, a second access port including a second seal, a first docking portion, and a second docking portion. The first access port is configured to receive a first surgical tool and the second access port is configured to receive a second surgical tool. The first robotic arm is configured to be releasably coupled to the first docking portion to define a first remote center for the first surgical tool at the first access port and the second robotic arm is configured to be releasably coupled to the second docking portion to define a second remote center for the second surgical tool at the second access port.

Surgical visualization systems and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for providing visualization during surgical procedures. Systems and methods herein can be used in a wide range of surgical procedures, including spinal surgeries such as minimally-invasive fusion or discectomy procedures. Systems and methods herein can include various features for enhancing end user experience, improving clinical outcomes, or reducing the invasiveness of a surgery. Exemplary features can include access port integration, hands-free operation, active and/or passive lens cleaning, adjustable camera depth, and many others.

A modular retractor may include a first body portion that houses a distraction mechanism for opening and closing a first arm and a second arm. A first pivoting member may be coupled to a distal end of the first arm and a second pivoting member may be coupled to a distal end of the second arm, for example. A first pin receiving cannula may be coupled to the first pivoting member and a second pin receiving cannula may be coupled to the second pivoting member. The first and second pin receiving cannulas may receive a threaded pin therein and be independently inclinable. Various embodiments may include at least one quick connect coupler. During use, a first pin and a second pin may be secured to a first and second vertebrae for distracting and/or adjusting an angle of inclination of the first and second vertebrae.

Example access devices, treatment devices, and kits useful in performing treatment under magnetic resonance imaging and related methods are described. An example access device includes an elongate tubular member formed of an MRI compatible material and moveable between a first, unexpanded configuration and a second, expanded configuration. The elongate tubular member has a central lengthwise axis, a proximal end, a distal end, an axial length, and a main body that defines a circumferential wall, a lumen, a proximal opening, a distal opening, and a main body opening. The main body opening is arranged in a spiral relative to the lengthwise axis and extends circumferentially along the circumferential wall. The main body opening extends along the entire axial length of the elongate tubular member from the proximal end to the distal end.

A method is disclosed. The method includes providing a plurality of blades, movably connecting the plurality of blades to an outer member via a plurality of arm members, disposing the plurality of blades in a human or animal body, and moving the plurality of blades from a first position outward to a second position when the plurality of blades are disposed in the human or animal body. The plurality of blades are disposed further from each other in the second position than the first position. Moving the plurality of blades outward from the first position to the second position includes moving the plurality of arm members. Moving the plurality of blades includes maintaining equidistance between the plurality of blades as the plurality of blades move from the first position to the second position.

Surgical visualization systems and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for providing visualization during surgical procedures. Systems and methods herein can be used in a wide range of surgical procedures, including spinal surgeries such as minimally-invasive fusion or discectomy procedures. Systems and methods herein can include various features for enhancing end user experience, improving clinical outcomes, or reducing the invasiveness of a surgery. Exemplary features can include access port integration, hands-free operation, active and/or passive lens cleaning, adjustable camera depth, and many others.

A sheath for inserting a cannula of an endoscope into a cavity of a patient is described herein. The sheath comprises an introducer, a support channel and a pull-tab. The introducer has an open end being sized and shaped to accept a tip of the cannula and a tip end adapted to be deflected in an outward direction by the tip of the cannula passing into the introducer. The support channel is adapted to receive a shaft of the cannula and guide the tip of the cannula into the introducer; and the pull provides a finger hold for a user to grasp the sheath. In some aspects, the introducer includes a plurality of extending segments having a normally closed position defining a conical exterior shape of the introducer, with the plurality of tapered segments adapted to be separated by the tip of the cannula passing through the introducer.

A percutaneous access system is disclosed that includes a needle and an inner cannula. The needle includes an internal passageway. At a distal end, the needle includes an expandable section. A distal section of the internal passageway of the needle, which corresponds to the expandable section, is tapered to enable the expandable section to expand and collapse as the inner cannula is positioned within and/or moves through the tapered distal section. The inner cannula may enable grasping and/or aspiration of a sample from a location of interest within a subject's body. Biopsy methods are also disclosed.

A retractor having an elongated body that provides access to a surgical location within a patient. The elongate body includes a plurality of segments that are connected to one another through a plurality of ratcheting mechanisms. The ratcheting mechanisms permit relative movement of the segments with respect to one another when expander dilators are inserted within the retractor. The segments are surrounded and retained by a resilient elastomeric sleeve or bands. The distal end surfaces of the segments include thin edges that are configured to mobilize, dissect, split and retract the terminal tissues in the surgical area. The retractor may be used in conjunction with a shim.

An integrated sheath assembly for inserting f a medical device such as a percutaneous pump into a vessel can include a first sheath having a first lumen defining a first opening between proximal and distal ends of the first sheath for passage of a portion of the pump and a second sheath having a second lumen defining a second opening between proximal and distal ends of the second sheath. The second lumen is expandable to allow passage of the first sheath containing the portion of the pump. The first sheath fills a space between the second sheath and the portion of the percutaneous pump when the first sheath containing the percutaneous pump is inserted into the second lumen. The first sheath has a first hub, and the second sheath has a second hub. In some embodiments, a single sheath and a movable connector can be integrated on the medical device.