A method of forming a thermally stable film on a cathode surface that allows reversable lithiation and delithiation reactions at high temperatures without structural degradations may include introducing a functional additive containing at least one of fluorine, boron, and phosphorus to an electrolyte, operating a first charge-discharge cycle of a lithium-ion battery with a cathode surface at 100° C., decomposing the functional additives during the first charge-discharge cycle, and forming a cathode electrolyte interphase film on the cathode surface from products of the functional additive decomposition. The cathode electrolyte interphase film may reduce contact between the cathode surface and the electrolyte in subsequent charge-discharge cycles of the lithium-ion battery.

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell has reduced degradation of the electrolytic solution or the anode active material and high cycle durability. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell includes: a cathode capable of doping and de-doping lithium ions; an anode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, lithium or a lithium alloy; and an electrolytic solution containing an organic solvent, a lithium salt electrolyte and an additive. The cathode active material of the cathode contains a layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide of formula Li.sub.1.5[Ni.sub.aCo.sub.bMn.sub.c[Li].sub.d]O.sub.3, where a, b, c, and d satisfy 0<a<1.4, 0≦b<1.4, 0<c<1.4, 0<d≦0.5, a+b+c+d=1.5, and 1.0≦a+b+c<1.5. The anode active material contains a carbon-based material with the surface fully or partly covered with a coating derived from the additive.

A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. In the negative electrode, lithium metal deposits during charging and the lithium metal dissolves during discharging. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes a lithium ion, a cation of a metal M1 that forms an alloy with lithium, and a halide ion.

Supplemental lithium can be used to stabilize lithium ion batteries with lithium rich metal oxides as the positive electrode active material. Dramatic improvements in the specific capacity at long cycling have been obtained. The supplemental lithium can be provided with the negative electrode, or alternatively as a sacrificial material that is subsequently driven into the negative electrode active material. The supplemental lithium can be provided to the negative electrode active material prior to assembly of the battery using electrochemical deposition. The positive electrode active materials can comprise a layered-layered structure comprising manganese as well as nickel and/or cobalt.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a secondary battery and an apparatus for manufacturing a secondary battery. The method for manufacturing the secondary battery according to the present invention comprises: an accommodation process of accommodating an electrode assembly, in which electrodes and separators are alternately stacked, an electrolyte, and one side portion of electrode leads connected to the electrodes, in a pouch to form a cell; an activation process of charging the cell to activate the cell; a pressing process of sequentially pressing the cell through pressing rolls after the activation process to press the cell; and a degassing process of discharging an internal gas of the cell to the outside after the pressing process.

The problem of high rate electrodeposition of metals such as copper during electrowinning operations or high rate charging of lithium or zinc electrodes for rechargeable battery applications while avoiding the adverse effects of dendrite formation such as causing short-circuiting and/or poor deposit morphology is solved by pulse reverse current electrodeposition or charging whereby the forward cathodic (electrodeposition or charging) pulse current is “tuned” to minimize dendrite formation for example by creating a smaller pulsating boundary layer and thereby minimizing mass transport effects leading to surface asperities and the subsequent reverse anodic (electropolishing) pulse current is “tuned” to eliminate the micro- and macro-asperities leading to dendrites.

A lithium ion battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material and a specific metal. A void is located inside the negative electrode active material. The specific metal adheres to an outside surface and an inside surface of the negative electrode active material. The specific metal includes a dissolution potential and a deposition potential. The dissolution potential is lower than a potential at which the positive electrode active material releases Li ions. The deposition potential is higher than a potential at which the negative electrode active material stores the Li ions.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an anode of a lithium-ion battery capable of controlling an expansion directionality of an anode material whose volume expands by charging, and a lithium-ion battery including the anode manufactured by the method. More specifically, the present invention provides a method capable of improving the life of a lithium-ion battery by adjusting the tensile strength of a current collector and thus controlling the expansion directionality of an anode material, which expands during charging.

A lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode, and an elastic polymer protective layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, and a working electrolyte, wherein the elastic polymer protective layer comprises a high-elasticity polymer having a thickness from 50 nm to 100 μm, a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.−8 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm at room temperature, and a fully recoverable tensile elastic strain from 2% to 1,000% when measured without any additive or filler dispersed therein and wherein the high-elasticity polymer comprises a crosslinked polymer network of chains derived from at least one multi-functional monomer or oligomer selected from an acrylate, polyether, polyurethane acrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, or di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate, wherein a multi-functional monomer or oligomer comprises at least three reactive functional groups.

The present disclosure is directed to a battery that comprise at least one electrochemical cell that comprises a cathode, an anode or an anode current collector and an electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode or the current collector, wherein (a) the anode comprises an isotopically enriched metal; (b) the cathode comprises isotopically enriched metal ions; (c) the electrolyte comprises an isotopically enriched metal salt; (d) a combination of (a) and (b); (e) a combination of (a) and (c); (f) a combination of (b) and (c); or (g) a combination of (a), (b) and (c).