A solid electrolyte for a negative electrode of a secondary battery includes a first porous solid electrolyte having a first surface; a first coating on the first surface of the first porous solid electrolyte; an adhesive electrolyte layer on the first porous solid electrolyte; and a second porous solid electrolyte on the adhesive electrolyte layer, the second porous solid electrolyte having a second surface; wherein the first porous solid electrolyte and the second porous solid electrolyte each have an ionic conductivity effective for a deposition metal; and wherein a surface of the first coating is less favorable for deposition of the deposition metal than the second surface of the second solid electrolyte. An electrode assembly and an electrochemical cell including the solid electrolyte and method for the manufacture thereof are also described.

In an electrochemical device combining a positive electrode including a conductive polymer that is to be doped and dedoped with anions with a negative electrode including a negative electrode material that occludes and releases lithium ions, float characteristics in the electrochemical device can be maintained. The electrochemical device includes: a positive electrode including, as a positive electrode active material, a conductive polymer that is to be doped and dedoped with anions, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material that occludes and releases lithium ions, and an electrolytic solution containing the anions and the lithium ions. 0<B/A<0.7 is satisfied, where A represents a total amount (mol) of monomer units that constitute the conductive polymer included in the positive electrode and B represents a total amount (mol) of the anions included in the electrochemical device.

The present invention relates to the use of a thianthrene-containing polymer as redox-active electrode material, for example as an electrode slurry, for electrical charge storage means, especially secondary batteries, It additionally also relates to the electrode material comprising the polymer, and to an electrode and an electrical charge storage means comprising the polymer,

An aluminum secondary battery includes a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode 11 includes an anion receptor such as polyaniline, the negative electrode 12 includes aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the electrolyte includes an aluminum salt, a sulfone, and a solvent with a dielectric constant of 20 or less, wherein the aluminum salt is typically AlCl.sub.3 or the like, the sulfone is typically ethyl n-propyl sulfone or the like, and the solvent with a dielectric constant of 20 or less is typically toluene or the like.

The disclosed technology relates generally to apparatus comprising conductive polymers and more particularly to tag and tag devices comprising a redox-active polymer film, and method of using and manufacturing the same. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a substrate and a conductive structure formed on the substrate which includes a layer of redox-active polymer film having mobile ions and electrons. The conductive structure further includes a first terminal and a second terminal configured to receive an electrical signal therebetween, where the layer of redox-active polymer is configured to conduct an electrical current generated by the mobile ions and the electrons in response to the electrical signal. The apparatus additionally includes a detection circuit operatively coupled to the conductive structure and configured to detect the electrical current flowing through the conductive structure.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel positive electrode which is produced using a rubber being an inexpensive material and is capable of enhancing a charge and discharge capacity and cyclability of a lithium-ion secondary battery, and the lithium-ion secondary battery composed of the positive electrode. In the lithium-ion secondary battery, the positive electrode comprises a current collector and an electrode layer formed on a surface of the current collector, the electrode layer comprises an active material, an electrically-conductive additive and a thermosetting resin binder subjected to thermosetting, and the active material comprises a sulfur-based positive-electrode active material prepared by heat-treating a starting material comprising a rubber and sulfur under a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

An active material is provided. The active material comprises a porous carbon having a plurality of pores forming a three-dimensional network structure and a conductive polymer, and at least a part of the plurality of pores contains the conductive polymer.

Materials having charge-storing properties and made variously of dipyridine-fused benzoquinones of formula (1) below or derivatives thereof, dipyridine-fused benzoquinones of formula (4) below or derivatives thereof, or dipyridine-fused benzoquinone skeleton-containing polymers are provided. ##STR00001##
In the formulas, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are each independently a pyridine ring that forms together with two carbon atoms on a benzoquinone skeleton, or a derivative thereof. When used as electrode active materials, these charge storage materials are capable of providing high-performance batteries possessing a high capacity, high rate characteristics and high cycle characteristics.

The present invention relates to a process for polymerization, wherein the monomers are used in the form of solid particles in an aqueous phase. The polymers obtained thereby can be oxidized further to polymers which can be used as electrical charge storage means, especially secondary batteries.

The present invention relates an electro-active polymeric ionic liquid including imidazolium-based molecules, said imidazolium-based molecule comprising each at least: one imidazolium moiety associated with a negatively-charged counter-ion, and one reducible group selected from: Formula (IV), an anthraquinone derivative of formula (IV): with R.sub.1 representing a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl group, a viologen group, and a metallocene reducible group such as a cobaltocene group.