A positive electrode active material for an electrochemical device has a fiber shape or a grain-aggregate shape. The positive electrode active material includes an inner core part having a fiber shape or a grain-aggregate shape, and a superficial part covering at least part of the inner core part. The inner core part contains a first conductive polymer, and the superficial part contains a second conductive polymer that is different from the first conductive polymer.

An improved lead acid battery (LAB) battery may provide high charge acceptance and may be suitable for a wide range of applications, including a variety of new applications. The new battery can sustain 67% of the maximum capacity even at a very high charging rate of IOC. This battery may decrease the use of lead in comparison to prior lead acid battery designs by up to 50%.

A positive electrode active material, a method for preparation thereof and a positive electrode plate, a secondary battery and an electrical device containing the same are provided. The positive electrode active material has a core-shell structure, comprising a core, a first cladding layer covering the core, a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, wherein the core has a chemical formula of Li.sub.aA.sub.xMn.sub.1-yB.sub.yP.sub.1-zC.sub.zO.sub.4-nD.sub.n, the first cladding layer comprises a first polymer containing an electron withdrawing group, the second cladding layer comprises a second polymer, and wherein the second polymer comprises one or more of plant polysaccharides, marine polysaccharides and the derivatives thereof. The positive electrode active material of the present application enables a secondary battery to have a relatively high energy density, while further having a significantly improved rate performance, cycling performance and/or high-temperature stability.

A positive electrode containing a sulfur-carbon composite and a lithium secondary battery including the same are discussed. More specifically, a network-shaped coating layer including a conductive polymer on a surface of the sulfur-carbon composite, and thus the conductivity of the sulfur-carbon composite is enhanced and also, lithium ions move freely, and accordingly, when applied to lithium secondary batteries, the sulfur-carbon composite can enhance the performance of batteries.

Provided are a positive electrode active material, a method for the preparation thereof and a positive electrode plate, a secondary battery and an electrical device containing the same. The positive electrode active material has a core-shell structure, including a core and a shell cladding the core, wherein the core includes Li.sub.1+xMn.sub.1?yA.sub.yP.sub.1?zR.sub.zO.sub.4, the shell includes a first cladding layer cladding the core, a second cladding layer cladding the first cladding layer and a third cladding layer cladding the second cladding layer. The positive electrode active material of the present application enables the secondary battery to have a relatively high energy density, and good rate performance, cycling performance and safety performance.

Disclosed is a carbon product, including a carbon material, and a redox functional group-containing polymer layer on a surface of the carbon material, as well as a sulfur-carbon composite containing the same, and a lithium secondary battery containing the same. More specifically, since the redox functional group-containing polymer functions to promote the reduction of lithium polysulfide, when the carbon material having the redox functional group-containing polymer layer formed or the sulfur-carbon composite is applied as a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, the performance of the battery may be improved.

The disclosed technology relates generally to apparatus comprising conductive polymers and more particularly to tag and tag devices comprising a redox-active polymer film, and method of using and manufacturing the same. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a substrate and a conductive structure formed on the substrate which includes a layer of redox-active polymer film having mobile ions and electrons. The conductive structure further includes a first terminal and a second terminal configured to receive an electrical signal therebetween, where the layer of redox-active polymer is configured to conduct an electrical current generated by the mobile ions and the electrons in response to the electrical signal. The apparatus additionally includes a detection circuit operatively coupled to the conductive structure and configured to detect the electrical current flowing through the conductive structure.

A method of forming a crosslinked polymer and an anion, the method comprising the step of reacting a first polymeric substituent comprising a nucleophilic group and a second polymeric substituent comprising an electrophilic group wherein the first polymeric substituent is a substituent of a first polymer and the second polymeric substituent is a substituent of the first polymer or a second polymer. The first and second polymers may be non-conjugated or conjugated. The crosslinked polymers may be used in electrochemical devices, for example battery cells.

Discovering high capacity and high rate cathodic materials is of paramount importance for the further development of electrochemical energy storage devices. Reported herein is a perfluoroalkylated polymer, integrated with an electronically-conductive backbone and an electron transfer catalyst unit that can serve as a new type of cathodic material reaching practical specific capacity of 919 mAh/g at 2.5 C discharging rate and over 700 mAh/g at 16 C discharging rate. A prepolarization treatment of the cathodic materials further increases working voltage to over 2.1 V versus Li/Li.sup.+ in classical PC/LiPF.sub.6 electrolyte solution giving maximum specific capacity of 1028 mAh/g and specific energy of 2159 mWh/g.

An electrode composite material is disclosed in the invention. The electrode composite material comprises AB.sub.xC.sub.yD.sub.z, wherein A is selected from at least one of polypyrrole, polyacrylonitrile, and polyacrylonitrile copolymer; B comprises sulfur, C is selected from carbon material; D is selected from metal oxides, 1x20, 0y<1, and 0z<1. Comparing to the prior art, the conductivity of the electrode composite material is obviously increased, the material is dispersed uniformly and the size of the material is small. The electrochemical performance of the electrode composite material is improved. It has a good cycle life and high discharging capacity efficiency. A method for manufacturing the electrode composite material, a positive electrode using the electrode composite material and a battery including the same are also disclosed in the invention.