An electrode for a battery cell, including an active material which contains silicon and which contains a first polymer which is ionically conductive. The active material contains in this case a copolymer, which includes the first polymer and a second polymer, the second polymer being electrically conductive. The A battery cell which includes at least one electrode is also described.

Described herein are redox flow batteries comprising a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first type of redox active material and a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second type of redox active material. The first type of redox active material may comprise one or more types of quinoxalines, or salts thereof. Methods for storing and releasing energy utilizing the described redox flow batteries are also provided.

An electrode for an electrochemical element with an organic electrolyte includes a polymeric material containing or composed of subunits according to general formulae (I) and/or (II):

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wherein n is an integer >2, Y represents an amide group (—NH—CO— or —CO—NH—), an ester group (—O—CO— or —CO—O—) or a urethane group (—NH—CO—O— or —O—CO—NH—), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent H, alkyl (preferably —CH.sub.3, —C.sub.2H.sub.5), Alkoxy-(preferably —OCH.sub.3, —OC.sub.2H.sub.5), -halogen or —CN, Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.4 independently represent a bridging aryl group, Ar.sub.e and Ar.sub.a independently represent a non-bridging aryl group, and R.sub.5 is a bridging alkyl, alkene or aryl group, wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.4 in structures (I) and (II) independently represent a bridging aryl group.

An electrochemical device electrode includes a conductive polymer as an active material. The conductive polymer has a grain shape, and an intensity distribution pattern obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement with respect to the conductive polymer has a first peak in which a diffraction angle 2θ ranges from 18° to 21°, inclusive, and a second peak in which a diffraction angle 2θ ranges from 24° to 26°, inclusive.

The present disclosure provides the use of a biomolecule, flavin, appended to a polymerizable unit that can then be polymerized to form an electroactive active polymer. The polymer and the flavin unit are comprised of an organic material containing C, H, N, and O atoms. The electroactive functionality is related to the double bonds that are present in the flavin unit that are appended to a non-electroactive backbone. This appended unit is rendered insoluble in the electrolyte of the discussed secondary battery unit. Several different molecular structures are disclosed exhibiting efficacy as energy storage medium in energy storage devices. Compounds have also been synthesized from which these different energy storage molecular structures are produced.

A battery cell formed of anode made from an n-type polymer and a cathode made from a p-type polymer with an electrolyte between the anode and the cathode. The anode and cathode are formed by depositing a compound that contains a non-volatile electrolyte that creates pathways in the deposited anode and the cathode. The n-type polymer and the p-type polymer are polymers that include a repeat unit of the following formula:

The present disclosure relates to electroactive materials that are useful for secondary battery electrode materials and the secondary battery device including thereof. Further, the disclosure relates to cathode and anode materials obtained via the polymerization of triptycene-based organic molecules having one or more arylene diimide groups attached forming a crosslinked network.

Crosslinked polymers and related compositions and related compositions, electrochemical cells, batteries, methods and systems are described. The crosslinked polymers have at least one redox active monomeric moiety having a redox potential of 0.5 V to 3.0 V with reference to Li/Li.sup.+ electrode potential under standard conditions or −2.54 V to −0.04 V vs. SHE and has a carbocyclic structure and at least one carbonyl group or a carboxyl group on the carbocyclic structure. The crosslinked polymers also include at least one comonomeric moiety with at least one of the at least one redox active monomeric moiety and/or the at least one comonomeric moiety has a denticity of three to six corresponding to a three to six connected network polymer, and provide stable, high capacity organic electrode materials.

A process produces a shaped organic charge storage unit, especially a secondary battery, the electrodes of which contain an organic redox-active polymer, and which includes a polymeric solid electrolyte. Compared to conventional folded charge storage units, the charge storage unit shows greater resistance to deformation, which is manifested in a lower drop in capacity and a reduced tendency to fracture in the shaping process.

A positive electrode active material, an electrochemical apparatus, and an electronic device are provided. In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material comprises a conductive base material and an active substance distributed on the conductive base material, the active substance having a core-shell structure, and the core-shell structure being composed of a core layer material and a shell layer material. The core layer material comprises a phosphate-based sodium salt material, the shell layer material comprises a conductive polymer, and the conductive base material comprises a carbon material.